用表面波方法在惠灵顿CentrePort绘制深度到基岩、剪切刚度和基本场地周期的图：对当地地震场地放大的影响
Mapping Depth to Bedrock, Shear Stiffness, and Fundamental Site Period at CentrePort, Wellington using Surface Wave Methods: Implications for Local Seismic Site Amplification
摘要：
惠灵顿港口（CentrePort）在$M_w$ 7.8级Kaikōura地震中由于土壤液化、横向扩展和震动引起的结构破坏而遭受严重破坏。为了调查这些不良影响，并提出缓解措施，以防止类似的损害，在未来的地震，有必要量化的变化，基岩的深度，剪切刚度，和基本的网站周期（$T_0$）在整个港口。为了表征$T_0$并开发剪切波速度（Vs）剖面以用于地震现场响应分析、水平-垂直（H/V）频谱比测量以及有源和无源表面波测试（即，MASW和MAM）。从114 H/V频谱比测量的站点周期图显示了几个快速变化的复杂地下结构区域。在整个港口的六个参考位置开发的深度（200米以上）Vs剖面用于估计软岩（Vs $>$ 760 m/s）和硬岩（Vs $>$ 1500 m/s）的深度。$T_0$估计从H/V光谱比测量（$T_{0,H/V}$）在六个参考位置被证明是相关的硬岩的深度的基础上，线性粘弹性转换函数计算的Vs剖面截断在几个深度。在港口附近的两个地面运动站的$T_{0,H/V}$测量结果也显示出与2016年Kaikōura和2013年库克海峡地震期间记录的最大频谱放大的主要周期相当吻合，尽管这些站点也受到土壤非线性和潜在的3D盆地边缘效应的影响。
英文摘要：
Wellington's port (CentrePort) experienced significant damage from the $M_w$ 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake as a result of soil liquefaction, lateral spreading, and shaking-induced damage to structures. To investigate these ill effects, and propose mitigation measures to prevent similar damage in future earthquakes, there was a need to quantify the variations in the depth to bedrock, shear stiffness, and fundamental site period ($T_0$) across the port. In order to characterize $T_0$ and develop shear wave velocity (Vs) profiles for use in seismic site response analyses, horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio measurements and active-source and passive-wavefield surface wave testing (i.e., MASW and MAM, respectively) were performed across the port. A site period map developed from 114 H/V spectral ratio measurements indicates several areas of rapidly changing, complex subsurface structure. Deep (200-plus meters) Vs profiles developed at six reference locations across the port were used to estimate the depth to soft (Vs $>$ 760 m/s) and hard (Vs $>$ 1500 m/s) rock. $T_0$ estimates from H/V spectral ratio measurements ($T_{0,H/V}$) at the six reference locations are shown to be related to the depth of hard rock based on linear viscoelastic transfer functions calculated from Vs profiles truncated at several depths. $T_{0,H/V}$ measurements at two ground motion stations near the port are also shown to be in reasonably good agreement with predominant periods of maximum spectral amplification recorded during both the 2016 Kaikōura and 2013 Cook Strait earthquakes, despite these sites also being effected by soil nonlinearity and potential 3D basin edge effects.
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