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arXiv 2207.09288stat.APstat.COstat.ME
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基于贝叶斯推断的用于物质流分析的专家启发与数据噪声学习

Expert Elicitation and Data Noise Learning for Material Flow Analysis using Bayesian Inference

Jiayuan Dong, Jiankan Liao, Xun Huan, Daniel Cooper

AI总结:

本文基于贝叶斯推断提出专家启发程序生成MFA参数先验,并同步学习数据噪声,以2012年美国钢铁流为案例验证,提升了物质流分析中不确定性估计的透明度与稳健性。

摘要:

贝叶斯推断允许在物质流分析(MFAs)中透明地传达不确定性,并在新数据可用时系统地更新不确定性。然而,该方法因难以定义MFA参数的适当先验以及难以量化收集数据中的噪声而受到削弱。我们开始解决这些问题,首先推导并实施了一个适合生成MFA参数先验的专家启发程序。其次,我们提出在学习参数不确定性的同时学习数据噪声。这些方法通过一个关于2012年美国钢铁流的案例研究进行了演示。采访了八位专家,以启发从原材料到中间产品的钢铁流不确定性分布。根据专家对种子问题的回答所展示的专业知识,对这些专家的分布进行组合和加权。这些聚合分布构成了我们模型参数的先验。为了学习数据噪声,还采用了一个合理的、弱信息的先验。然后,在给定从美国地质调查局(USGS)和世界钢铁协会(WSA)收集的MFA数据的情况下,执行贝叶斯推断以更新参数和数据噪声的不确定性。结果显示,在纳入收集的数据时,MFA参数不确定性有所降低。仅观察到数据噪声不确定性有适度降低;然而,在推断中使用多年的数据时,实现了更大的降低。这些方法生成了从数据中学习而非预先假设数据噪声水平的透明MFA和数据噪声不确定性,为影响系统的决策提供了更稳健的基础。

英文摘要:

Bayesian inference allows the transparent communication of uncertainty in material flow analyses (MFAs), and a systematic update of uncertainty as new data become available. However, the method is undermined by the difficultly of defining proper priors for the MFA parameters and quantifying the noise in the collected data. We start to address these issues by first deriving and implementing an expert elicitation procedure suitable for generating MFA parameter priors. Second, we propose to learn the data noise concurrent with the parametric uncertainty. These methods are demonstrated using a case study on the 2012 U.S. steel flow. Eight experts are interviewed to elicit distributions on steel flow uncertainty from raw materials to intermediate goods. The experts' distributions are combined and weighted according to the expertise demonstrated in response to seeding questions. These aggregated distributions form our model parameters' prior. A sensible, weakly-informative prior is also adopted for learning the data noise. Bayesian inference is then performed to update the parametric and data noise uncertainty given MFA data collected from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the World Steel Association (WSA). The results show a reduction in MFA parametric uncertainty when incorporating the collected data. Only a modest reduction in data noise uncertainty was observed; however, greater reductions were achieved when using data from multiple years in the inference. These methods generate transparent MFA and data noise uncertainties learned from data rather than pre-assumed data noise levels, providing a more robust basis for decision-making that affects the system.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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