西太平洋中的一座立方公里级中微子望远镜
A multi-cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope in the western Pacific Ocean
AI总结：
研究基于南海考察数据设计立方公里级深海中微子望远镜 TRIDENT，预计运行一年即可对 NGC 1068 达到 5σ 探测，显著提升中微子源定位与宇宙线起源研究能力。
摘要：
为了精确定位 IceCube 探测到的弥散天体物理中微子流的来源，并解开存在一个世纪之久的宇宙线起源之谜，需要灵敏度显著提升的下一代中微子望远镜。赤道附近的探测器将提供观测中微子天空的独特视角，与 IceCube 及北半球的其他中微子望远镜形成互补。在此，我们展示了前往西太平洋南海东北部海域一次考察的结果。在深度约 3.5 公里的一处深海平原上发现了条件适宜的中微子望远镜台址。在 3 公里以下深度，测得海流速度、水对切伦科夫光的吸收长度和散射长度分别为 v_c<10 cm/s、λ_abs≈27 m 和 λ_sca≈63 m。基于这些测量结果，我们提出了下一代中微子望远镜 TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope（TRIDENT，热带深海中微子望远镜）的设计和预期性能。凭借先进的光子探测技术和巨大的尺度，TRIDENT 预计在运行 1 年内即可观测到 IceCube 的稳定源候选体 NGC 1068，显著性达到 5σ。这一灵敏度水平将开辟一个新的舞台，用于诊断宇宙线起源并在天文基线尺度上检验基础物理。
英文摘要：
Next-generation neutrino telescopes with significantly improved sensitivity are required to pinpoint the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by IceCube and uncover the century-old puzzle of cosmic ray origins. A detector near the equator will provide a unique viewpoint of the neutrino sky, complementing IceCube and other neutrino telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere. Here we present results from an expedition to the north-eastern region of the South China Sea, in the western Pacific Ocean. A favorable neutrino telescope site was found on an abyssal plain at a depth of $\sim$ 3.5km. At depths below 3km, the sea current speed, water absorption and scattering lengths for Cherenkov light, were measured to be $v_{\mathrm{c}}<$10cm/s, $λ_{\mathrm{abs} }\simeq$ 27m and $λ_{\mathrm{sca} }\simeq$ 63m, respectively. Accounting for these measurements, we present the design and expected performance of a next-generation neutrino telescope, TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT). With its advanced photon-detection technology and large dimensions, TRIDENT expects to observe the IceCube steady source candidate NGC 1068 with 5$σ$ significance within 1 year of operation. This level of sensitivity will open a new arena for diagnosing the origin of cosmic rays and probing fundamental physics over astronomical baselines.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
