arXiv 2207.040642022-07astro-ph.GA

揭示秒差距尺度大质量黑洞双星的宿主：形态学和电磁特征

Unveiling the hosts of parsec-scale massive black hole binaries: morphology and electromagnetic signatures

David Izquierdo-Villalba, Alberto Sesana, Monica Colpi

备注：: 19 pages, 16 Figures, Accepted by MNRAS
DOI：: 10.1093/mnras/stac3677

摘要：

秒差距尺度的大质量黑洞双星（MBHB）预计将形成的结构形成的层次模型。尽管已经设计了不同的观测策略来探测这些系统，但理论研究是对它们的搜索和识别的进一步指导。在这项工作中，我们研究了引力束缚在秒差距尺度上的具有原始质量$\rm {>}\,10^7\,M_{\odot}$的大质量黑洞的宿主性质和电磁特征。为此，我们构建了一个全天空光锥的半解析模型L-Galerkin中的物理动机处方的形成和演变的MBHBs已被包括在内。我们的预测表明，绝大多数的MBHB被放置在一个经典的隆起结构的螺旋星系或椭圆星系。此外，MBHB遵循的标度关系与单个大质量黑洞的标度关系是不可区分的。我们发现，在具有$\rm M_{stellar}\,{>}\,10^{11}\, M_{\odot}$的星系中，秒差距尺度的MBHB的占有率可达${\sim}\,50\%$，而对于$\rm M_{stellar}\,{<}\,10^{11}\, M_{\odot}$，MBHB的占有率低于10%.我们的模型预计，大多数秒差距尺度的MBHB是不等质量的系统，并在$z\,{\sim}\,0.5$，与${\sim}\,20$对象每个$\rm deg^2$在天空中。然而，大多数这些系统是不活跃的，只有$1\,{-}\,0.1$对象每个$\rm deg^2$有一个电磁对应的辐射热光度超过$10^{43}$ erg/s。秒差距尺度的MBHB的非常明亮的相位在$z\,{>}\,1$上更常见，但每个$\rm deg^2$的二进制数在$\rm L_{\rm bol}\,{>}\,10^{45} \rm erg/s$上是${\lesssim}\,0.01$。

英文摘要：

Parsec-scale massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) are expected to form in hierarchical models of structure formation. Even though different observational strategies have been designed to detect these systems, a theoretical study is a further guide for their search and identification. In this work, we investigate the hosts properties and the electromagnetic signatures of massive black holes gravitationally bound on parsec-scales with primary mass $\rm {>}\,10^7\,M_{\odot}$. For that, we construct a full-sky lightcone by the use of the semi-analytical model L-Galaxies in which physically motivated prescriptions for the formation and evolution of MBHBs have been included. Our predictions show that the large majority of the MBHBs are placed either in spiral galaxies with a classical bulge structure or in elliptical galaxies. Besides, the scaling relations followed by MBHBs are indistinguishable from the ones of single massive black holes. We find that the occupation fraction of parsec-scale MBHBs reaches up to ${\sim}\,50\%$ in galaxies with $\rm M_{stellar}\,{>}\,10^{11}\, M_{\odot}$ and drops below 10\% for $\rm M_{stellar}\,{<}\,10^{11}\, M_{\odot}$. Our model anticipates that the majority of parsec-scale MBHBs are unequal mass systems and lie at $z\,{\sim}\,0.5$, with ${\sim}\,20$ objects per $\rm deg^2$ in the sky. However, most of these systems are inactive, and only $1\,{-}\,0.1$ objects per $\rm deg^2$ have an electromagnetic counterpart with a bolometric luminosity in excess of $10^{43}$ erg/s. Very luminous phases of parsec-scale MBHBs are more common at $z\,{>}\,1$ but the number of binaries per $\rm deg^2$ is ${\lesssim}\,0.01$ at $\rm L_{\rm bol}\,{>}\,10^{45} \rm erg/s$.

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