The rise of transformers in vision tasks not only advances network backbone designs, but also starts a brand-new page to achieve end-to-end image recognition (e.g., object detection and panoptic segmentation). Originated from Natural Language Processing (NLP), transformer architectures, consisting of self-attention and cross-attention, effectively learn long-range interactions between elements in a sequence. However, we observe that most existing transformer-based vision models simply borrow the idea from NLP, neglecting the crucial difference between languages and images, particularly the extremely large sequence length of spatially flattened pixel features. This subsequently impedes the learning in cross-attention between pixel features and object queries. In this paper, we rethink the relationship between pixels and object queries and propose to reformulate the cross-attention learning as a clustering process. Inspired by the traditional k-means clustering algorithm, we develop a k-means Mask Xformer (kMaX-DeepLab) for segmentation tasks, which not only improves the state-of-the-art, but also enjoys a simple and elegant design. As a result, our kMaX-DeepLab achieves a new state-of-the-art performance on COCO val set with 58.0% PQ, Cityscapes val set with 68.4% PQ, 44.0% AP, and 83.5% mIoU, and ADE20K val set with 50.9% PQ and 55.2% mIoU without test-time augmentation or external dataset. We hope our work can shed some light on designing transformers tailored for vision tasks. TensorFlow code and models are available at https://github.com/google-research/deeplab2 A PyTorch re-implementation is also available at https://github.com/bytedance/kmax-deeplab
We present MaX-DeepLab, the first end-to-end model for panoptic segmentation. Our approach simplifies the current pipeline that depends heavily on surrogate sub-tasks and hand-designed components, such as box detection, non-maximum suppression, thing-stuff merging, etc. Although these sub-tasks are tackled by area experts, they fail to comprehensively solve the target task. By contrast, our MaX-DeepLab directly predicts class-labeled masks with a mask transformer, and is trained with a panoptic quality inspired loss via bipartite matching. Our mask transformer employs a dual-path architecture …
We propose Clustering Mask Transformer (CMT-DeepLab), a transformer-based framework for panoptic segmentation designed around clustering. It rethinks the existing transformer architectures used in segmentation and detection; CMT-DeepLab considers the object queries as cluster centers, which fill the role of grouping the pixels when applied to segmentation. The clustering is computed with an alternating procedure, by first assigning pixels to the clusters by their feature affinity, and then updating the cluster centers and pixel features. Together, these operations comprise the Clustering Mask …
We present TubeFormer-DeepLab, the first attempt to tackle multiple core video segmentation tasks in a unified manner. Different video segmentation tasks (e.g., video semantic/instance/panoptic segmentation) are usually considered as distinct problems. State-of-the-art models adopted in the separate communities have diverged, and radically different approaches dominate in each task. By contrast, we make a crucial observation that video segmentation tasks could be generally formulated as the problem of assigning different predicted labels to video tubes (where a tube is obtained by linking segm…
In this work, we propose a mask propagation network to treat the video segmentation problem as a concept of the guided instance segmentation. Similar to most MaskTrack based video segmentation methods, our method takes the mask probability map of previous frame and the appearance of current frame as inputs, and predicts the mask probability map for the current frame. Specifically, we adopt the Xception backbone based DeepLab v3+ model as the probability map predictor in our prediction pipeline. Besides, instead of the full image and the original mask probability, our network takes the region o…
Semantic segmentation of longitudinal thermal images for identification of hot and cool spots in urban areas
Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore（新加坡伯克利教育研究联盟）；Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber-physical Systems（罗伯特·博世信息物理系统研究中心）；Indian Institute of Science（印度科学学院）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）；Vanderbilt University Medical Center（范德堡大学医学中心）
Automatic instance segmentation of glomeruli within kidney Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) is essential for clinical research in renal pathology. In computer vision, the end-to-end instance segmentation methods (e.g., Mask-RCNN) have shown their advantages relative to detect-then-segment approaches by performing complementary detection and segmentation tasks simultaneously. As a result, the end-to-end Mask-RCNN approach has been the de facto standard method in recent glomerular segmentation studies, where downsampling and patch-based techniques are used to properly evaluate the high resolution image…
Collecting image annotations remains a significant burden when deploying CNN in a specific applicative context. This is especially the case when the annotation consists in binary masks covering object instances. Our work proposes to delineate instances in three steps, based on a semi-automatic approach: (1) the extreme points of an object (left-most, right-most, top, bottom pixels) are manually defined, thereby providing the object bounding-box, (2) a universal automatic segmentation tool like Deep Extreme Cut is used to turn the bounded object into a segmentation mask that matches the extreme…
We present a bottom-up approach for the task of object instance segmentation using a single-shot model. The proposed model employs a fully convolutional network which is trained to predict class-wise segmentation masks as well as the bounding boxes of the object instances to which each pixel belongs. This allows us to group object pixels into individual instances. Our network architecture is based on the DeepLabv3+ model, and requires only minimal extra computation to achieve pixel-wise instance assignments. We apply our method to the task of person instance segmentation, a common task relevan…
This paper presents a unified framework to (i) locate the ball, (ii) predict the pose, and (iii) segment the instance mask of players in team sports scenes. Those problems are of high interest in automated sports analytics, production, and broadcast. A common practice is to individually solve each problem by exploiting universal state-of-the-art models, \eg, Panoptic-DeepLab for player segmentation. In addition to the increased complexity resulting from the multiplication of single-task models, the use of the off-the-shelf models also impedes the performance due to the complexity and specifici…
While there has been significant progress in solving the problems of image pixel labeling, object detection and scene classification, existing approaches normally address them separately. In this paper, we propose to tackle these problems from a bottom-up perspective, where we simply need a semantic segmentation of the scene as input. We employ the DeepLab architecture, based on the ResNet deep network, which leverages multi-scale inputs to later fuse their responses to perform a precise pixel labeling of the scene. This semantic segmentation mask is used to localize the objects and to recogni…
Few-shot learning allows machines to classify novel classes using only a few labeled samples. Recently, few-shot segmentation aiming at semantic segmentation on low sample data has also seen great interest. In this paper, we propose a learnable module for few-shot segmentation, the task-adaptive feature transformer (TAFT). TAFT linearly transforms task-specific high-level features to a set of task-agnostic features well-suited to the segmentation job. Using this task-conditioned feature transformation, the model is shown to effectively utilize the semantic information in novel classes to gener…
Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute（弗劳恩霍夫海因里希·赫兹研究所）；Technische Universität Berlin（柏林工业大学）；Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data（柏林学习与数据基础研究所）
Applying traditional post-hoc attribution methods to segmentation or object detection predictors offers only limited insights, as the obtained feature attribution maps at input level typically resemble the models' predicted segmentation mask or bounding box. In this work, we address the need for more informative explanations for these predictors by proposing the post-hoc eXplainable Artificial Intelligence method L-CRP to generate explanations that automatically identify and visualize relevant concepts learned, recognized and used by the model during inference as well as precisely locate them …
