静态黑洞附近不可移动粒子的Bañados-Silk-West效应及其旋转对应
The Bañados-Silk-West effect with immovable particles near static black holes and its rotational counterpart
AI总结：
研究了静态黑洞附近静止粒子碰撞的BSW效应，发现极端视界维持力有限且无需精细调节参数即可实现无界碰撞能量。
摘要：
BSW效应意味着黑洞附近两个粒子碰撞时，其质心系中的能量$E_{c.m.}$可以变得无界。通常假设粒子沿测地线或电测地线运动。相反，我们考虑了该效应的另一版本。一个粒子静止于一个静态（一般而言是扭曲的）黑洞附近。如果另一个粒子（例如来自无穷远）与其碰撞，质心系中的碰撞能量$E_{c.m.}$将无界增长（即BSW效应）。对于非极端视界，维持该粒子处于黑洞附近所需的力发散；对于极端视界，该力保持有限非零值；对于超极端黑洞，该力在视界极限下趋于零。推广至旋转情形意味着粒子与黑洞共转但无径向速度。此时，若角动量$L=0$，则能量$E\ ightarrow 0$。该条件取代了标准BSW效应版本中的参数精细调节条件。
英文摘要：
The BSW effect implies that the energy $E_{c.m.}$ in the center of mass frame of two particles colliding near a black hole can become unbounded. Usually, it is assumed that particles move along geodesics or electrogeodesics. Instead, we consider another version of this effect. One particle is situated at rest near a static, generally speaking, distorted black hole. If another particle (say, coming from infinity) collides with it, the energy of collision $E_{c.m.}$ in the center of mass frame grows unbounded (the BSW effect). The force required to keep such a particle near a black hole diverges for nonextremal horizons but remains finite nonzero for extremal one and vanishes in the horizon limit for ultraextremal black holes. Generalization to the rotating case implies that a particle corotates with a black hole but does not have a radial velocity. In doing so, the energy $E\rightarrow 0$, provided the angular momentum $L=0$. This condition replaces that of fine-tuning parameters in the standard version of the BSW effect.
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