下落的咖啡过滤器的附加质量
The Added Mass of a Falling Coffee Filter
摘要：
掉落的咖啡过滤器是物理实验室入门课程中常见的研究对象。它们通常用于演示终极速度，并确定拖曳力如何取决于该速度。然而，它们也可以用来证明空气影响下落的咖啡过滤器运动的其他方式。特别地，在从静止开始的初始加速期间，有一个性质上不同的流体力作用，并且使该加速度比真空中的物体的加速度小得多。这种流体力，通常被称为“附加质量”，很容易观察到咖啡过滤器使用声波运动传感器或视频分析。在这里，增加的质量是实验测量下降的咖啡过滤器。此外，还计算了咖啡过滤器通过理想流体时的附加质量的理论值。这两种价值观相当一致。最后，它是如何增加的质量是相关的实验，只测量的终极速度。
英文摘要：
Falling coffee filters are a common object of study in introductory physics laboratory classes. They are usually used to demonstrate the terminal velocity, and determine how the drag force depends on this velocity. However they can also be used to demonstrate other ways that the air affects the motion of the falling coffee filter. In particular, a qualitatively different fluid force acts during the initial acceleration from rest, and causes this acceleration to be much less than the acceleration of an object in vacuum. This fluid force, commonly known as the `added mass', is easily observable with coffee filters using either a sonic motion sensor or video analysis. Here the added mass is experimentally measured for a falling coffee filter. In addition, the theoretical value for the added mass of a coffee filter moving through an ideal fluid is calculated. The two values agree relatively well. Finally, it is shown how the added mass is relevant to experiments that only measure the terminal velocity.
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