衰减压缩脉冲的激波恢复：冲击波在方解石（CaCO $_3$）中冲击波在Hugoniot弹性限度附近的效应
Shock recovery with decaying compressive pulses: Shock effects in calcite (CaCO$_3$) around the Hugoniot elastic limit
摘要：
陨石中矿物的冲击变质作用提供了对古代太阳系的深入了解。方解石是碳质泥岩中含量丰富的水蚀变矿物。从小行星Ryugu和Bennu返回的样品预计含有方解石族矿物。虽然硅酸盐的冲击变质作用已经得到了很好的研究，但水蚀变矿物的此类数据有限。在这里，我们研究了冲击效应的方解石与大理石使用的冲击实验在千叶工业大学的行星探测研究中心。我们用一个比目标小的射弹产生了衰减压缩脉冲。金属容器有助于回收保留撞击前地层的样品。我们估计的峰值压力分布的样品与iSALE冲击物理代码。这种方法的能力，以产生冲击颗粒，经历了不同程度的变质，从一个单一的实验是一个优势，传统的单轴冲击恢复实验。通过偏光显微镜和X射线衍射分析对冲击样品进行了研究。我们发现，超过一半的方解石颗粒表现出波动消光时，峰值压力超过3 GPa。这种冲击压力比大理石的Hugoniot弹性限度（HEL）高一个数量级，但它接近方解石晶体的HEL，这表明波动消光记录了晶体中位错引起的塑性形变。最后，我们提出了一个策略，以重建方解石颗粒在陨石母体的最大深度，如果冲击方解石颗粒在陨石和/或返回样品从Ryugu和Bennu确定。
英文摘要：
Shock metamorphism of minerals in meteorites provides insights into the ancient Solar System. Calcite is an abundant aqueous alteration mineral in carbonaceous chondrites. Return samples from the asteroids Ryugu and Bennu are expected to contain calcite-group minerals. Although shock metamorphism in silicates has been well studied, such data for aqueous alteration minerals are limited. Here, we investigated the shock effects in calcite with marble using impact experiments at the Planetary Exploration Research Center of Chiba Institute of Technology. We produced decaying compressive pulses with a smaller projectile than the target. A metal container facilitates recovery of a sample that retains its pre-impact stratigraphy. We estimated the peak pressure distributions in the samples with the iSALE shock physics code. The capability of this method to produce shocked grains that have experienced different degrees of metamorphism from a single experiment is an advantage over conventional uniaxial shock recovery experiments. The shocked samples were investigated by polarizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. We found that more than half of calcite grains exhibit undulatory extinction when peak pressure exceeds 3 GPa. This shock pressure is one order of magnitude higher than the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of marble, but it is close to the HEL of a calcite crystal, suggesting that the undulatory extinction records dislocation-induced plastic deformation in the crystal. Finally, we propose a strategy to re-construct the maximum depth of calcite grains in a meteorite parent body, if shocked calcite grains are identified in chondrites and/or return samples from Ryugu and Bennu.
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