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arXiv 2205.07899astro-ph.HE
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NGC 4258中活动核的全面X射线视图

A comprehensive X-ray view of the active nucleus in NGC 4258

Alberto Masini, J. V. Wijesekera, Annalisa Celotti, Peter G. Boorman

摘要:

我们提供了NGC 4258的详细宽带X射线谱,目的是精确测量活动星系核的日冕光度和吸积流特性,并跟踪20年观测中任何可能的变化。我们收集档案XMM-牛顿,钱德拉,斯威夫特/BAT和NuSTAR光谱观测跨越15年,并将它们与一套最先进的模型,包括一个扭曲的磁盘模型,这是怀疑提供众所周知的X射线中观察到的遮蔽。我们用文献中的存档结果补充了这一信息。在不同的时期之间观察到明显的光谱变化。暗柱密度显示可能在10年的时间尺度上有周期性波动,而内在光度显示在15年的时间跨度内长期减少三倍(从21世纪初的$L_{2-10~\text{keV}} \sim 10^{41}$ erg s $^{-1}$到2016年的$L_{2-10~\text{keV}} \sim 3 \times 10^{40}$ erg s $^{-1}$)。平均吸收校正的X射线光度$L_{2-10~\text{keV}}$,结合档案测定的辐射热光度,意味着一个辐射热校正$k_{\rm bol} \sim 20$,有趣的是典型的塞弗特通过吸积通过几何薄,辐射效率的磁盘。此外,X射线光子指数$Γ$与更广泛的活动星系核的典型值是一致的。然而,爱丁顿单位的吸积率非常低,完全在预期的RIAF制度之内。我们的研究结果表明,NGC 4258是一个真正的低光度塞弗特II,没有强烈的迹象表明,在其X射线发射的热,RIAF一样的吸积流。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) We present a detailed broadband X-ray spectrum of NGC 4258, with the goal of precisely measuring the coronal luminosity and accretion flow properties of the AGN, and track any possible variation across two decades of observations. We collect archival XMM-Newton, Chandra, Swift/BAT and NuSTAR spectroscopic observations spanning 15 years, and fit them with a suite of state of the art models, including a warped disk model which is suspected to provide the well known obscuration observed in the X-rays. We complement this information with archival results from the literature. Clear spectral variability is observed among the different epochs. The obscuring column density shows possibly periodic fluctuations on a timescale of 10 years, while the intrinsic luminosity displays a long term decrease of a factor of three in a time span of 15 years (from $L_{2-10~\text{keV}} \sim 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the early 2000s, to $L_{2-10~\text{keV}} \sim 3 \times 10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in 2016). The average absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity $L_{2-10~\text{keV}}$, combined with archival determinations of the bolometric luminosity, implies a bolometric correction $k_{\rm bol} \sim 20$, intriguingly typical for Seyferts powered by accretion through geometrically thin, radiatively efficient disks. Moreover, the X-ray photon index $Γ$ is consistent with the typical value of the broader AGN population. However, the accretion rate in Eddington units is very low, well within the expected RIAF regime. Our results suggest that NGC 4258 is a genuinely low-luminosity Seyfert II, with no strong indications in its X-ray emission for a hot, RIAF-like accretion flow.

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