利用MMS多航天器数据检验安培-麦克斯韦定律以探究光子质量与洛伦兹-庞加莱对称性破缺
Testing the Ampère-Maxwell law on the photon mass and Lorentz-Poincaré symmetry violation with MMS multi-spacecraft data
AI总结：
本研究利用MMS任务六年数据寻找安培-麦克斯韦定律的偏离，检验光子质量与洛伦兹对称性破缺，测得光子质量上限为2.1×10^-51 kg，并发现太阳风中存在显著偏离。
摘要：
我们通过寻找对安培-麦克斯韦定律的偏离，研究了扩展电动力学理论的可能证据。作为解释宇宙的主要信使，光子是标准模型（SM）中唯一的自由无质量粒子。事实上，这种偏离可能源于de Broglie-Proca（dBP）理论中的光子质量，或SM扩展（SME）中的洛伦兹对称性破缺（LSV），但也可能源于诸如Born-Infeld、Heisenberg-Euler等理论中的非线性效应。为此，我们分析了磁层多尺度任务六年的数据，该任务是一个四星星座，主要穿越磁重联的湍流区域，并在太阳风之外收集了约95%的下行数据。我们考察了来自太阳风、磁鞘和磁层区域的380万个数据点。在少数情况下，对于最高时间分辨率的突发数据以及由四颗航天器构成的最佳四面体构型，发现了偏离（在所有区域中，模长偏离为2.2%，笛卡尔分量偏离为4.8%，但在单独的太阳风中，模长偏离升至20.8%，笛卡尔分量偏离升至29.7%，并在极低质量范围高达45.2%）。这些偏离可能归因于未计入的实验误差，或者可能性较小地归因于非麦克斯韦贡献，对此我们推断了dBP和SME情况下的相关参数。我们可能已处于非专用任务可测量性的边界。我们讨论了实验结果（光子质量上限为2.1×10^-51 kg，LSV参数|k^AF|上限为6×10^-9 m^-1），指出太阳风中的偏离与更严格但依赖模型的限制之间的对比。
英文摘要：
We investigate possible evidence from Extended Theories of Electro-Magnetism by looking for deviations from the Ampère-Maxwell law. The photon, main messenger for interpreting the universe, is the only free massless particle in the Standard-Model (SM). Indeed, the deviations may be due to a photon mass for the de Broglie-Proca (dBP) theory or the Lorentz Symmetry Violation (LSV) in the SM Extension (SME), but also to non-linearities from theories as of Born-Infeld, Heisenberg-Euler. With this aim, we have analysed six years of data of the Magnetospheric Multi-Scale mission, which is a four-satellite constellation, crossing mostly turbulent regions of magnetic reconnection and collecting about $95\%$ of the downloaded data, outside the solar wind. We examined 3.8 million data points from the solar wind, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere regions. In a minority of cases, for the highest time resolution burst data and optimal tetrahedron configurations drawn by the four spacecraft, deviations have been found ($2.2\%$ in modulus and $4.8\%$ in Cartesian components for all regions, but raising up in the solar wind alone to $20.8\%$ in modulus and $29.7\%$ in Cartesian components and up to 45.2\% in the extreme low-mass range). The deviations might be due to unaccounted experimental errors or, less likely, to non-Maxwellian contributions, for which we have inferred the related parameters for the dBP and SME cases. Possibly, we are at the boundaries of measurability for non-dedicated missions. We discuss our experimental results (upper limit of photon mass of $2.1 \times 10^{-51}$ kg, and of the LSV parameter $|\vec{k}^{\rm AF}|$ of $6 \times 10^{-9}$ m$^{-1}$), as the deviations in the solar wind, versus more stringent but model-dependent limits.
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