一维偏置驱动硬核玻色子准凝聚态的命运
Fate of the Quasi-condensed State for Bias-driven Hard-Core Bosons in one Dimension
摘要：
一维的玻色子显示出一种称为准凝聚的现象，其中相关性以幂律方式衰减。我们研究了在不同的化学势下，耦合到宏观铅原子上的硬核玻色子链在非平衡稳态下准凝聚的命运。发现有限偏压破坏了准凝聚态，并确定了准凝聚态在零偏压跃迁附近的临界标度函数。相关的临界指数的确定和数值验证。远离平衡，系统表现出指数衰减的相关性，其特征在于由偏置依赖的相关长度，在平衡发散。此外，幂律修正被发现，其特征在于由一个指数，依赖于链引线耦合，是非解析零偏。这一精确可解的非平衡强相互作用系统具有一个显著的性质，即在线性响应范围内，不能得到无穷小偏差下的近平衡态。这些结果有助于解开强相互作用一旦从平衡约束中解放出来所产生的复杂性质。
英文摘要：
Bosons in one dimension display a phenomenon called quasi-condensation, where correlations decay in a powerlaw fashion. We study the fate of quasi-condensation in the non-equilibrium steady-state of a chain of hard-core bosons coupled to macroscopic leads which are held at different chemical potentials. It is found that a finite bias destroys the quasi-condensed state and the critical scaling function of the quasi-condensed fraction, near the zero bias transition, is determined. Associated critical exponents are determined and numerically verified. Away from equilibrium, the system exhibits exponentially decaying correlations that are characterized by a bias-dependent correlation length that diverges in equilibrium. In addition, power-law corrections are found, which are characterized by an exponent that depends on the chain-leads coupling and is non-analytic at zero bias. This exactly-solvable nonequilibrium strongly-interacting system has the remarkable property that, the near-equilibrium state at infinitesimal bias, cannot be obtained within linear response. These results aid in unraveling the intricate properties spawned by strong interactions once liberated from equilibrium constraints.
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