EMIC波的相对论电子沉淀：非线性共振效应的重要性
Relativistic electron precipitation by EMIC waves: importance of nonlinear resonant effects
摘要：
地球辐射带中的相对论电子损耗通常归因于电子被电磁波共振散射。电磁离子回旋（EMIC）模式是这种散射的最重要的波模式之一。在准线性扩散框架下，相对论电子与EMIC波的回旋共振导致电子快速沉降到大气中。然而，波的强度往往超过非线性共振相互作用的阈值，这种强烈的EMIC波已被证明运输电子远离损失锥由于力聚束效应。在这项研究中，我们调查，如果这种运输可以阻止电子沉淀。我们结合测试粒子模拟，低海拔ELFIN观测EMIC驱动的电子沉淀，和地面EMIC观测。比较模拟和观察，我们表明，尽管低俯仰角的电子被运输远离损失锥，在较高的俯仰角的散射结果在损失锥填充和电子沉淀。
英文摘要：
Relativistic electron losses in Earth's radiation belts are usually attributed to electron resonant scattering by electromagnetic waves. One of the most important wave mode for such scattering is the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) mode. Within the quasi-linear diffusion framework, the cyclotron resonance of relativistic electrons with EMIC waves results in very fast electron precipitation to the atmosphere. However, wave intensities often exceed the threshold for nonlinear resonant interaction, and such intense EMIC waves have been shown to transport electrons away from the loss cone due to the force bunching effect. In this study we investigate if this transport can block electron precipitation. We combine test particle simulations, low-altitude ELFIN observations of EMIC-driven electron precipitation, and ground-based EMIC observations. Comparing simulations and observations, we show that, despite of the low pitch-angle electrons being transported away from the loss cone, the scattering at higher pitch angles results in the loss cone filling and electron precipitation.
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