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arXiv 2204.13623cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.supr-con
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超导-正常金属混合电路中分数约瑟夫森效应与分数电荷的关系

Fractional Josephson effect versus fractional charge in superconducting-normal metal hybrid circuits

Mohammad Atif Javed, Jakob Schwibbert, Roman-Pascal Riwar

摘要:

分数电荷激发在凝聚态物理中起着核心作用,并且可以通过不同的方式进行探测。如果输运通过无耗散的超电流发生,它们表现为分数约瑟夫森效应,而在耗散输运中,它们可以通过输运统计来揭示。然而,在一个政权的超导和有损电流重合,这两个运输现象之间的关系的充分理解仍然是失踪。此外,特别是对于超导电路,非整数准电荷如何与电荷量子化协调的问题仍然没有完全解决,并且在电路动力学中起着重要作用。在这里,我们的目标是统一上述概念,通过研究系统检测器动力学的Lindbladian捕获相干和耗散传输。电荷量子化在这里是Lindbladian的检测器基的守恒性质,而电荷分数化是其复值本征谱的拓扑性质。我们已经表明,传统的超导正常金属混合电路表现出各种拓扑阶段,包括一个开放量子系统版本的分数约瑟夫森效应。令人惊讶的是,准粒子,通常被认为是一个有害的副作用,在这里是一个必要的成分来观察非平凡的运输行为。

英文摘要:

Fractionally charged excitations play a central role in condensed matter physics, and can be probed in different ways. If transport occurs via dissipation-less supercurrents, they manifest as a fractional Josephson effect, whereas in dissipative transport they can be revealed by the transport statistics. However, in a regime where supercurrents and lossy currents coincide, a full understanding of the relationship between these two transport phenomena is still missing. Moreover, especially for superconducting circuits, the question of how noninteger quasicharges can be reconciled with charge quantization is still not fully resolved, and plays an important role for the circuit dynamics. Here, we aim to unify the above concepts by studying the system-detector dynamics in terms of a Lindbladian capturing both coherent and dissipative transport. Charge quantization is here a conserved property of the detector basis of the Lindbladian, while charge fractionalization is a topological property of its complex-valued eigenspectrum. We show that already conventional superconductor-normal metal hybrid circuits exhibit a variety of topological phases, including an open quantum system version of a fractional Josephson effect. Surprisingly, quasiparticles, usually considered a detrimental side effect, are here a necessary ingredient to observe nontrivial transport behaviour.

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