稳态电流偏度和峰度的界
Bounds on skewness and kurtosis of steady state currents
摘要：
电流波动是一个强大的工具，以解开所观察到的传输过程的基本物理。这项工作讨论了与传输装置的动力学和热力学相关的第三和第四电流累积量的一些一般性质（偏斜度和峰度）。具体地说，这些量的几个不同的界限，无论是解析推导或数值推导，这是适用于：1）非相互作用费米子系统，2）非相互作用玻色子系统，3）热驱动的经典马尔可夫系统，4）单圈马尔可夫网络。最后，它表明，所获得的不等式的违反可以提供有关所分析的系统的物理，例如，使人们能够推断相互作用或单一动力学的存在，解开马尔可夫网络的拓扑结构，或表征驱动系统的热力学力的性质。特别是，有关微观动力学的相关信息，甚至可以在平衡时，电流方差-电流波动的标准措施-主要是由热噪声确定。
英文摘要：
Current fluctuations are a powerful tool to unravel the underlying physics of the observed transport process. This work discusses some general properties of the third and the fourth current cumulant (skewness and kurtosis) related to dynamics and thermodynamics of a transport setup. Specifically, several distinct bounds on these quantities are either analytically derived or numerically conjectured, which are applicable to: 1) noninteracting fermionic systems, 2) noninteracting bosonic systems, 3) thermally driven classical Markovian systems, 4) unicyclic Markovian networks. Finally, it is demonstrated that violation of the obtained inequalities can provide a broad spectrum of information about the physics of the analyzed system, e.g., enable one to infer the presence of interactions or unitary dynamics, unravel the topology of the Markovian network, or characterize the nature of thermodynamic forces driving the system. In particular, relevant information about the microscopic dynamics can be gained even at equilibrium when the current variance -- a standard measure of current fluctuations -- is determined mostly by the thermal noise.
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