In the context of personalized federated learning (FL), the critical challenge is to balance local model improvement and global model tuning when the personal and global objectives may not be exactly aligned. Inspired by Bayesian hierarchical models, we develop a self-aware personalized FL method where each client can automatically balance the training of its local personal model and the global model that implicitly contributes to other clients' training. Such a balance is derived from the inter-client and intra-client uncertainty quantification. A larger inter-client variation implies more personalization is needed. Correspondingly, our method uses uncertainty-driven local training steps and aggregation rule instead of conventional local fine-tuning and sample size-based aggregation. With experimental studies on synthetic data, Amazon Alexa audio data, and public datasets such as MNIST, FEMNIST, CIFAR10, and Sent140, we show that our proposed method can achieve significantly improved personalization performance compared with the existing counterparts.
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology（蔚山科学技术院）；Kakao Enterprise（Kakao企业）
Due to the curse of statistical heterogeneity across clients, adopting a personalized federated learning method has become an essential choice for the successful deployment of federated learning-based services. Among diverse branches of personalization techniques, a model mixture-based personalization method is preferred as each client has their own personalized model as a result of federated learning. It usually requires a local model and a federated model, but this approach is either limited to partial parameter exchange or requires additional local updates, each of which is helpless to nove…
Personalized federated learning (FL) facilitates collaborations between multiple clients to learn personalized models without sharing private data. The mechanism mitigates the statistical heterogeneity commonly encountered in the system, i.e., non-IID data over different clients. Existing personalized algorithms generally assume all clients volunteer for personalization. However, potential participants might still be reluctant to personalize models since they might not work well. In this case, clients choose to use the global model instead. To avoid making unrealistic assumptions, we introduce…
Intelligent fault diagnosis is essential to safe operation of machinery. However, due to scarce fault samples and data heterogeneity in field machinery, deep learning based diagnosis methods are prone to over-fitting with poor generalization ability. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a personalized federated learning framework, enabling multi-task fault diagnosis method across multiple factories in a privacypreserving manner. Firstly, rotating machines from different factories with similar vibration feature data are categorized into machine groups using a federated clustering method. T…
Data scarcity and heterogeneity pose significant performance challenges for personalized federated learning, and these challenges are mainly reflected in overfitting and low precision in existing methods. To overcome these challenges, a multi-layer multi-fusion strategy framework is proposed in this paper, i.e., the server adopts the network layer parameters of each client upload model as the basic unit of fusion for information-sharing calculation. Then, a new fusion strategy combining personalized and generic is purposefully proposed, and the network layer number fusion threshold of each fus…
College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University（成均馆大学计算与信息学院）；Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute（电子通信研究院生物医学IT融合研究部）；Samsung Medical Center（三星医疗中心）
While machine learning techniques are being applied to various fields for their exceptional ability to find complex relations in large datasets, the strengthening of regulations on data ownership and privacy is causing increasing difficulty in its application to medical data. In light of this, Federated Learning has recently been proposed as a solution to train on private data without breach of confidentiality. This conservation of privacy is particularly appealing in the field of healthcare, where patient data is highly confidential. However, many studies have shown that its assumption of Ind…
Personalized Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging research field in FL that learns an easily adaptable global model in the presence of data heterogeneity among clients. However, one of the main challenges for personalized FL is the heavy reliance on clients' computing resources to calculate higher-order gradients since client data is segregated from the server to ensure privacy. To resolve this, we focus on a problem setting where the server may possess its own data independent of clients' data -- a prevalent problem setting in various applications, yet relatively unexplored in existing lite…
FedAGHN: Personalized Federated Learning with Attentive Graph HyperNetworks
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Fuyao University of Science and Technology（福耀科技大学）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）
Federated learning is promising for its capability to collaboratively train models with multiple clients without accessing their data, but vulnerable when clients' data distributions diverge from each other. This divergence further leads to a dilemma: "Should we prioritize the learned model's generic performance (for future use at the server) or its personalized performance (for each client)?" These two, seemingly competing goals have divided the community to focus on one or the other, yet in this paper we show that it is possible to approach both at the same time. Concretely, we propose a nov…
Personalized Federated Dictionary Learning for Modeling Heterogeneity in Multi-site fMRI Data
Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics（Tulane生物医学信息学与基因组学中心）；School of Medicine, Tulane University（Tulane大学医学院）；State University of New York at Oswego（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校）
Federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach in which a single server and multiple clients collaboratively build machine learning models without sharing datasets on clients. A challenging issue of federated learning is data heterogeneity (i.e., data distributions may differ across clients). To cope with this issue, numerous federated learning methods aim at personalized federated learning and build optimized models for clients. Whereas existing studies empirically evaluated their own methods, the experimental settings (e.g., comparison methods, datasets, and client setting) in…
In federated learning, model personalization can be a very effective strategy to deal with heterogeneous training data across clients. We introduce WAFFLE (Weighted Averaging For Federated LEarning), a personalized collaborative machine learning algorithm that leverages stochastic control variates for faster convergence. WAFFLE uses the Euclidean distance between clients' updates to weigh their individual contributions and thus minimize the personalized model loss on the specific agent of interest. Through a series of experiments, we compare our new approach to two recent personalized federate…
Personalized federated learning is tasked with training machine learning models for multiple clients, each with its own data distribution. The goal is to train personalized models in a collaborative way while accounting for data disparities across clients and reducing communication costs. We propose a novel approach to this problem using hypernetworks, termed pFedHN for personalized Federated HyperNetworks. In this approach, a central hypernetwork model is trained to generate a set of models, one model for each client. This architecture provides effective parameter sharing across clients, whil…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Apple（苹果公司）
Federated learning enables the deployment of machine learning to problems for which centralized data collection is impractical. Adding differential privacy guarantees bounds on privacy while data are contributed to a global model. Adding personalization to federated learning introduces new challenges as we must account for preferences of individual users, where a data sample could have conflicting labels because one sub-population of users might view an input positively, but other sub-populations view the same input negatively. We present FedEmbed, a new approach to private federated learning …
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Clustar；Peking University（北京大学）；Fuzhou University（福州大学）
Federated recommendation addresses the data silo and privacy problems altogether for recommender systems. Current federated recommender systems mainly utilize cryptographic or obfuscation methods to protect the original ratings from leakage. However, the former comes with extra communication and computation costs, and the latter damages model accuracy. Neither of them could simultaneously satisfy the real-time feedback and accurate personalization requirements of recommender systems. In this paper, we proposed federated masked matrix factorization (FedMMF) to protect the data privacy in federa…
Federated learning (FL for simplification) is a distributed machine learning technique that utilizes global servers and collaborative clients to achieve privacy-preserving global model training without direct data sharing. However, heterogeneous data problem, as one of FL's main problems, makes it difficult for the global model to perform effectively on each client's local data. Thus, personalized federated learning (PFL for simplification) aims to improve the performance of the model on local data as much as possible. Bayesian learning, where the parameters of the model are seen as random var…
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）
Facing the challenge of statistical diversity in client local data distribution, personalized federated learning (PFL) has become a growing research hotspot. Although the state-of-the-art methods with model similarity-based pairwise collaboration have achieved promising performance, they neglect the fact that model aggregation is essentially a collaboration process within the coalition, where the complex multiwise influences take place among clients. In this paper, we first apply Shapley value (SV) from coalition game theory into the PFL scenario. To measure the multiwise collaboration among a…
Federated learning (FL) is a new distributed machine learning framework that can achieve reliably collaborative training without collecting users' private data. However, due to FL's frequent communication and average aggregation strategy, they experience challenges scaling to statistical diversity data and large-scale models. In this paper, we propose a personalized FL framework, named Tensor Decomposition based Personalized Federated learning (TDPFed), in which we design a novel tensorized local model with tensorized linear layers and convolutional layers to reduce the communication cost. TDP…
Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) aims to learn personalized models for each client based on the knowledge across all clients in a privacy-preserving manner. Existing PFL methods generally assume that the underlying global data across all clients are uniformly distributed without considering the long-tail distribution. The joint problem of data heterogeneity and long-tail distribution in the FL environment is more challenging and severely affects the performance of personalized models. In this paper, we propose a PFL method called Federated Learning with Adversarial Feature Augmentation (F…
South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Eindhoven University of Technology（埃因霍温理工大学）；JD Explore Academy（京东探索研究院）
Federated learning (FL) is vulnerable to heterogeneously distributed data, since a common global model in FL may not adapt to the heterogeneous data distribution of each user. To counter this issue, personalized FL (PFL) was proposed to produce dedicated local models for each individual user. However, PFL is far from its maturity, because existing PFL solutions either demonstrate unsatisfactory generalization towards different model architectures or cost enormous extra computation and memory. In this work, we propose federated learning with personalized sparse mask (FedSpa), a novel PFL scheme…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；China Academy of Information and Communications Technology（中国信息通信研究院）
Federated Learning (FL) over wireless network enables data-conscious services by leveraging the ubiquitous intelligence at network edge for privacy-preserving model training. As the proliferation of context-aware services, the diversified personal preferences causes disagreeing conditional distributions among user data, which leads to poor inference performance. In this sense, clustered federated learning is proposed to group user devices with similar preference and provide each cluster with a personalized model. This calls for innovative design in edge association that involves user clusterin…
Personalized federated learning (FL) aims to train model(s) that can perform well for individual clients that are highly data and system heterogeneous. Most work in personalized FL, however, assumes using the same model architecture at all clients and increases the communication cost by sending/receiving models. This may not be feasible for realistic scenarios of FL. In practice, clients have highly heterogeneous system-capabilities and limited communication resources. In our work, we propose a personalized FL framework, PerFed-CKT, where clients can use heterogeneous model architectures and d…
Booth School of Business, The University of Chicago（芝加哥大学布斯商学院）；Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago（芝加哥丰田技术研究院）
We consider the problem of personalized federated learning when there are known cluster structures within users. An intuitive approach would be to regularize the parameters so that users in the same cluster share similar model weights. The distances between the clusters can then be regularized to reflect the similarity between different clusters of users. We develop an algorithm that allows each cluster to communicate independently and derive the convergence results. We study a hierarchical linear model to theoretically demonstrate that our approach outperforms agents learning independently an…
In Federated Learning (FL), the clients learn a single global model (FedAvg) through a central aggregator. In this setting, the non-IID distribution of the data across clients restricts the global FL model from delivering good performance on the local data of each client. Personalized FL aims to address this problem by finding a personalized model for each client. Recent works widely report the average personalized model accuracy on a particular data split of a dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of their methods. However, considering the multitude of personalization approaches proposed, it …
The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；NEC Laboratories America（美国NEC实验室）；Florida International University（佛罗里达国际大学）；AWS AI Labs, Amazon（亚马逊AWS人工智能实验室）
Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) which collaboratively trains a federated model while considering local clients under privacy constraints has attracted much attention. Despite its popularity, it has been observed that existing PFL approaches result in sub-optimal solutions when the joint distribution among local clients diverges. To address this issue, we present Federated Modular Network (FedMN), a novel PFL approach that adaptively selects sub-modules from a module pool to assemble heterogeneous neural architectures for different clients. FedMN adopts a light-weighted routing hypernetwo…
Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院）；Noah’s Ark Lab, Huawei（华为诺亚方舟实验室）
Federated learning faces huge challenges from model overfitting due to the lack of data and statistical diversity among clients. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel personalized federated learning method via Bayesian variational inference named pFedBayes. To alleviate the overfitting, weight uncertainty is introduced to neural networks for clients and the server. To achieve personalization, each client updates its local distribution parameters by balancing its construction error over private data and its KL divergence with global distribution from the server. Theoretical a…
In real-world federated learning scenarios, participants could have their own personalized labels which are incompatible with those from other clients, due to using different label permutations or tackling completely different tasks or domains. However, most existing FL approaches cannot effectively tackle such extremely heterogeneous scenarios since they often assume that (1) all participants use a synchronized set of labels, and (2) they train on the same task from the same domain. In this work, to tackle these challenges, we introduce Factorized-FL, which allows to effectively tackle label-…
FlatLand: Personalized Graph Federated Learning via Tailored Lorentz Space
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）；Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.（华为技术有限公司）；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；JD Explore Academy（京东探索研究院）；The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）
Personalized federated learning, as a variant of federated learning, trains customized models for clients using their heterogeneously distributed data. However, it is still inconclusive about how to design personalized models with better representation of shared global knowledge and personalized pattern. To bridge the gap, we in this paper explore personalized models with low-rank and sparse decomposition. Specifically, we employ proper regularization to extract a low-rank global knowledge representation (GKR), so as to distill global knowledge into a compact representation. Subsequently, we e…
Internet of Things (IoT) have widely penetrated in different aspects of modern life and many intelligent IoT services and applications are emerging. Recently, federated learning is proposed to train a globally shared model by exploiting a massive amount of user-generated data samples on IoT devices while preventing data leakage. However, the device, statistical and model heterogeneities inherent in the complex IoT environments pose great challenges to traditional federated learning, making it unsuitable to be directly deployed. In this article we advocate a personalized federated learning fram…
Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute（澳大利亚人工智能研究所）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）
Knowledge sharing and model personalization are two key components in the conceptual framework of personalized federated learning (PFL). Existing PFL methods focus on proposing new model personalization mechanisms while simply implementing knowledge sharing by aggregating models from all clients, regardless of their relation graph. This paper aims to enhance the knowledge-sharing process in PFL by leveraging the graph-based structural information among clients. We propose a novel structured federated learning (SFL) framework to learn both the global and personalized models simultaneously using…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；JD Explore Academy（京东探索研究院）；Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center（合肥综合性国家科学中心）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence（人工智能研究院）
Personalized federated learning is proposed to handle the data heterogeneity problem amongst clients by learning dedicated tailored local models for each user. However, existing works are often built in a centralized way, leading to high communication pressure and high vulnerability when a failure or an attack on the central server occurs. In this work, we propose a novel personalized federated learning framework in a decentralized (peer-to-peer) communication protocol named Dis-PFL, which employs personalized sparse masks to customize sparse local models on the edge. To further save the commu…
Federated learning (FL) facilitates multiple clients to jointly train a machine learning model without sharing their private data. However, Non-IID data of clients presents a tough challenge for FL. Existing personalized FL approaches rely heavily on the default treatment of one complete model as a basic unit and ignore the significance of different layers on Non-IID data of clients. In this work, we propose a new framework, federated model components self-attention (FedMCSA), to handle Non-IID data in FL, which employs model components self-attention mechanism to granularly promote cooperatio…
In the traditional federated learning setting, a central server coordinates a network of clients to train one global model. However, the global model may serve many clients poorly due to data heterogeneity. Moreover, there may not exist a trusted central party that can coordinate the clients to ensure that each of them can benefit from others. To address these concerns, we present a novel decentralized framework, FedeRiCo, where each client can learn as much or as little from other clients as is optimal for its local data distribution. Based on expectation-maximization, FedeRiCo estimates the …
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
In this work, we consider the optimization formulation of personalized federated learning recently introduced by Hanzely and Richtárik (2020) which was shown to give an alternative explanation to the workings of local {\tt SGD} methods. Our first contribution is establishing the first lower bounds for this formulation, for both the communication complexity and the local oracle complexity. Our second contribution is the design of several optimal methods matching these lower bounds in almost all regimes. These are the first provably optimal methods for personalized federated learning. Our optima…
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI)（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Differential Privacy Personalized Federated Learning Based on Dynamically Sparsified Client Updates
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院）；No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries（中国兵器工业第二〇八研究所）
