声波和电磁波中的有质动力、斯托克斯漂移和动量
Ponderomotive Forces, Stokes Drift, and Momentum in Acoustic and Electromagnetic Waves
摘要：
我们揭示了经典波动物理中三个重要现象之间的普遍联系：（i）作用在振荡波场中的介质粒子上的有质动力，（ii）波场中自由介质粒子的斯托克斯漂移，以及（iii）介质中的正则波动量。我们分析这些现象（a）纵向声波在气体或流体和（b）横向电磁波与电子相互作用的等离子体或金属。在这两种情况下，假设准单色但任意不均匀的波场，有质动力、斯托克斯漂移速度、动能和介质粒子携带的正则波动量之间的联系由相同的简单表达式给出。这揭示了这些现象的本质，它们之间的相互作用，并可用于各种类型的波中的动力学输运现象的应用。
英文摘要：
We reveal universal connections between three important phenomena in classical wave physics: (i) the ponderomotive force acting on the medium particles in an oscillatory wavefield, (ii) the Stokes drift of free medium particles in a wave field, and (iii) the canonical wave momentum in a medium. We analyse these phenomena for (a) longitudinal sound waves in a gas or fluid and (b) transverse electromagnetic waves interacting with electrons in a plasma or metal. In both cases, assuming quasi-monochromatic yet arbitrarily inhomogeneous wavefields, the connections between the ponderomotive force, Stokes drift velocity, kinetic energy, and canonical wave momentum carried by the medium particles are given by the same simple expressions. This sheds light on the nature of these phenomena, their fine interplay, and can be useful for applications to dynamical transport phenomena in various types of waves.
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