两态系统的能量
Energies of Two-State Systems
摘要：
量子态的能量由相位演化指数的自变量给出。因此，对两态系统（TSS）能量的分析可以围绕薛定谔图像中状态概率幅的相位强调描述进行。在这里，半经典地研究TSS的能量，我们提出了一种能量揭示格式，其中的概率振幅的时间依赖性表示的相位演化因子。通过这种新的能量研究方法，我们首先重新审视非驱动TSS，写出将系统（通常）设置为稳态的条件，并确定相关的（单个）确定能量。然后，更重要的是，我们重新驱动TSS，确定两个定态，并证明存在两个准能量与每个定态。在相位保持框架下，我们给出了强驱动自旋半TSS的“呼吸螺旋”型进动模。此外，我们通过一组两个耦合探针的计算机模拟来验证我们的发现。对于具体的例子，我们计算并列出了几个具体的TSS在典型的操作条件下的能量。
英文摘要：
Energies of quantum states are given by the arguments of phase-evolution exponentials. It follows then that an analysis of the energies of a two-state system (TSS) can revolve around phase-emphasized description of states' probability amplitudes in the Schrodinger picture. Here, studying energies of TSSs semi-classically, we suggest an energy-revealing format in which the time-dependence of the probability amplitudes is expressed by phase-evolution factors only. With this fresh energy-studying approach, we first revisit non-driven TSSs, write the conditions for setting a system (in general) in a stationary state, and identify the associated (single) definite energy. Then, more importantly, we revisit driven-TSSs, identify the two stationary states and prove the existence of two quasi-energies associated with each stationary state. Resulting from our phase-keeping framework, we display a "breathing-spiral" type precession-mode of a strongly-driven spin one-half TSS. Further, we exemplify our findings through a set of two coupling-probe computer simulations. For specific examples, we compute and list the energies of several concrete TSSs under typical operating conditions.
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