一个面临快速变化的农民农业社区的地方知识和自然资源管理：一个批判性的考察
Local Knowledge and Natural Resource Management in a Peasant Farming Community Facing Rapid Change: A Critical Examination
摘要：
环境退化是一个重大的全球性问题。它的影响不仅是环境的，也是经济的，退化被认为是发展中国家农业生产力下降和农村贫困的主要原因。退化文献通常强调公共财产或开放获取的自然资源，以及不正当的激励或缺失的制度如何导致优化私人行为者使其退化。相比之下，本文件认为退化发生在农民社区的私人农场。这是一个关键而微妙的问题，因为这些地区很贫穷，而且农民在退化或恢复农村土地方面的作用也存在问题。本文探讨了坦桑尼亚农民的自然资源管理。其主要关注的问题是，为管理决策提供信息的当地知识如何适应与环境退化和市场自由化相关的挑战。鉴于他们的贫困，这个问题可能直接影响到家庭满足其生计需要的能力。基于最新的经验数据，本文发现，不同的农民知识有助于解释家庭如何应对退化挑战的巨大差异。这意味着一些农民比其他人更有效地适应新出现的挑战，尽管所有人都是理性的，优化的代理人，遵循他们认为最好的策略。因此，该文件提供了一个批判的地方知识，这意味着一些农民的经验适应下滑，而其他人的比赛与有效的适应。这篇论文谈到了困扰发展中国家许多农村社区的长期贫困问题。这有助于解释为什么经过验证的可持续农业技术未能迅速传播到早期创新者之外。其关键的政策含义是为改善这些社区的能力建设提供信息。
英文摘要：
Environmental degradation is a major global problem. Its impacts are not just environmental, but also economic, with degradation recognised as a key cause of reduced agricultural productivity and rural poverty in the developing world. The degradation literature typically emphasises common property or open access natural resources, and how perverse incentives or missing institutions lead optimising private actors to degrade them. By contrast, the present paper considers degradation occurring on private farms in peasant communities. This is a critical yet delicate issue, given the poverty of such areas and questions about the role of farmers in either degrading or regenerating rural lands. The paper examines natural resource management by peasant farmers in Tanzania. Its key concern is how the local knowledge informing their management decisions adapts to challenges associated with environmental degradation and market liberalisation. Given their poverty, this question could have direct implications for the capacity of households to meet their livelihood needs. Based on fresh empirical data, the paper finds that differential farmer knowledge helps explain the large differences in how households respond to the degradation challenge. The implication is that some farmers adapt more effectively to emerging challenges than others, despite all being rational, optimising agents who follow the strategies they deem best. The paper thus provides a critique of local knowledge, implying that some farmers experience adaptation slippages while others race ahead with effective adaptations. The paper speaks to the chronic poverty that plagues many rural communities in the developing world. It helps explain the failure of proven sustainable agriculture technologies to disseminate readily beyond early innovators. Its key policy implication is to inform improved capacity building for such communities.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
