语用制约与代词指称消歧：可能与不可能
Pragmatic constraints and pronoun reference disambiguation: the possible and the impossible
摘要：
在理解语篇和语篇的过程中，代词的消歧往往需要综合运用一般的语用知识和特定的语境信息。在人工智能和语言学研究中，这主要是在所指对象在前面的文本中明确陈述的情况下进行研究。然而，自然文本中的代词通常指的是先前只隐含提到的实体、集合或事件;在这些情况下，使用语用知识来消除歧义的需要变得更加尖锐，知识的表征变得更加困难。延伸的文学文本有时会使用极其复杂的参考模式和极其丰富和微妙的知识形式。事实上，在一个文本中，代词与其所指对象之间的距离很远，这种情况偶尔也会发生。在相反的方向，代词的使用受到注意力集中的考虑和形式上的限制，如对平行句法结构的偏好;这些可以是如此强大，没有语用知识足以推翻他们。
英文摘要：
Pronoun disambiguation in understanding text and discourse often requires the application of both general pragmatic knowledge and context-specific information. In AI and linguistics research, this has mostly been studied in cases where the referent is explicitly stated in the preceding text nearby. However, pronouns in natural text often refer to entities, collections, or events that are only implicitly mentioned previously; in those cases the need to use pragmatic knowledge to disambiguate becomes much more acute and the characterization of the knowledge becomes much more difficult. Extended literary texts at times employ both extremely complex patterns of reference and extremely rich and subtle forms of knowledge. Indeed, it is occasionally possible to have a pronoun that is far separated from its referent in a text. In the opposite direction, pronoun use is affected by considerations of focus of attention and by formal constraints such as a preference for parallel syntactic structures; these can be so strong that no pragmatic knowledge suffices to overrule them.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
