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arXiv 2203.17064astro-ph.EP
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倾斜超地球撞击中的大气损失

Atmosphere Loss in Oblique Super-Earth Impacts

Thomas R. Denman, Zoe M. Leinhardt, Philip J. Carter

摘要:

利用光滑粒子流体动力学,我们模拟了超级地球质量的岩石行星之间的大气层少的弹丸和大气层丰富的目标的巨大影响。在这项工作中,我们提出的结果从迎面掠碰撞。模拟结果分为两大类:(1)一种主要的碰撞后残留物,其中含有目标和射弹的材料;(2)两种主要的碰撞后残留物是“打了就跑”的侵蚀性碰撞造成的。所有的碰撞都至少消除了一些目标大气层,与理想的打了就跑的定义相反,在理想的定义中,目标质量是不变的。我们发现,“打了就跑”的碰撞和碰撞,导致在弹丸和目标吸积/合并的边界是强烈相关的相互逃逸速度在预测的最接近的点。我们的工作表明,一次巨大的撞击不太可能消除所有的大气层。为了清除所有的大气层,正面撞击需要大约灾难性破坏的能量(即永久喷出系统总质量的一半),并导致地幔的严重侵蚀。我们发现,更高的影响角度的碰撞,这是更常见的,是更有效的去除大气比迎面碰撞。因此,在行星形成过程中,不可能发生清除所有大气层而又不严重破坏行星的单次碰撞。

英文摘要:

Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics we model giant impacts of Super-Earth mass rocky planets between an atmosphere-less projectile and an atmosphere-rich target. In this work we present results from head-on to grazing collisions. The results of the simulations fall into two broad categories: 1) one main post-collision remnant containing material from target and projectile; 2) two main post-collision remnants resulting from `erosive hit-and-run' collisions. All collisions removed at least some of the target atmosphere, in contrast to the idealised hit-and-run definition in which the target mass is unchanged. We find that the boundary between `hit-and-run' collisions and collisions that result in the projectile and target accreting/merging to be strongly correlated with the mutual escape velocity at the predicted point of closest approach. Our work shows that it is very unlikely for a single giant impact to remove all of the atmosphere. For all the atmosphere to be removed, head-on impacts require roughly the energy of catastrophic disruption (i.e. permanent ejection of half the total system mass) and result in significant erosion of the mantle. We show that higher impact angle collisions, which are more common, are less efficient at atmosphere removal than head-on collisions. Therefore, single collisions that remove all the atmosphere without substantially disrupting the planet are not expected during planet formation.

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