Surface brightness-colour relations (SBCRs) are largely used for general studies in stellar astrophysics and for determining extragalactic distances. Based on simulated spectra of late-type stars using MARCS model atmospheres, our aim is to analyse the effect of stellar fundamental parameters on the surface brightness. We also compare theoretical and recent empirical SBCRs. We used MARCS model atmospheres to compute spectra and the surface brightness of stars. We first explored the parameter space of MARCS (i.e. effective temperature, $\log g$, $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}$, microturbulence, and mass) in order to quantify their impact on the surface brightness. Then we considered a relation between the effective temperature and $\log g$ for late dwarfs and giants, as well as a solar metallicity, in order to allow a consistent comparison of theoretical and empirical SBCRs. We find that the SBCR is not sensitive to the microturbulence and mass. The effect of metallicity on the SBCR is found to be larger for dwarfs than for giants. It is also larger when considering larger $V-K_s$ values. We also find that a difference of 0.5 dex in metallicity between Galactic and LMC SBCRs does not affect the recent LMC distance determination, based on eclipsing binaries, by more than 0.4%. By comparing theoretical with empirical SBCRs, we find a good agreement of less than 2$σ$ for F5-K7 dwarfs and giants stars, while a larger discrepancy is found for M dwarfs and giants (about 4-6$σ$). The surface gravity properties, as modelled in MARCS, explain the differences in the empirical SBCRs in terms of class. We finally find that theoretical and empirical SBCRs for Cepheids are consistent. Carefully considering metallicity and $\log g$ is mandatory when calibrating or using SBCRs.
Models of Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. I. Bolometric Corrections Derived from New MARCS Synthetic Spectra and Their Implications for Observed Colour-Magnitude Diagrams
新的,高分辨率的MARCS合成光谱已经计算了十几种金属的混合物,允许,反过来,在C:N:O,[CNO/Fe]的变化,和C,O,Mg和Si的丰度增加。目前使用的许多宽带滤波器的辐射热校正(BC)已经从这些光谱中产生。由于改进的处理分子,涉及原子的C,N和O,紫外线和蓝色通带的BC,特别是,从以前的MARCS模型中得到的那些有很大的不同。这些差异,以及不同的金属丰度对BC的影响,在一些指导性的图中显示。还计算了不同混合物在-2.5 <= [Fe/H] <= -0.5时的恒星演化网格。基于这些径迹的等时线在理论H-R图和几个颜色-星等图上进行了相互比较,这些颜色-星等图可以由HST Wide Field Camera 3(WFC 3)F336 W、F438 W、F606 W、F814 W、F110 W和F160 W观测值构造。作为这些模型的首次应用,等时线已被拟合到HST紫外遗产巡天球状星团NGC 6496的WFC 3测光中,得到了非常令人鼓舞的结果。
Testing the asteroseismic estimates of stellar radii with surface brightness-colour relations and {\it Gaia} DR3 parallaxes. II. Red giants and red clump stars from the {\it Kepler} catalogue
Synthetic Stellar Photometry - II. Testing the bolometric flux scale, and tables of bolometric corrections for the Hipparcos/Tycho, Pan-STARRS1, SkyMapper and JWST systems
我们使用MARCS模式的大气通量计算合成颜色,测辐射热校正和红化系数的依巴谷/第谷,泛STARRS 1,SkyMapper和JWST系统。提供了表格和插值子程序,用于将等时线从理论平面转换到各种观测平面,推导出2600 K < Teff < 8000 K时HR图上几乎任何给定点处的测热校正、合成色和色温关系,以及85个光度滤波器中的不同红化值。我们使用绝对分光光度法从CALSPEC库显示,热辐射通量可以恢复到2%的热辐射校正在一个单一的波段,当输入恒星参数是众所周知的FG矮星在各种金属丰度。这一唯一的不确定性来源对干涉测量有效温度的影响约为0.5%(或在太阳温度下为30 K)。当结合更多波段的测热校正时,不确定性减半,并受到当前绝对通量尺度1%的基本不确定性的限制。RAVE DR 5星表中的恒星用于验证我们的MARCS合成测光在光学和红外范围内的选定滤光片中的质量。这项调查表明,现存的MARCS合成通量能够再现银河系盘上恒星星族中观察到的主要特征。
The model parameters of the mean light curves of the variable red giant stars in the near infrared colour-bands and compare them with the visual mean light curves
Models for Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. II. Application to the Colour-Magnitude Diagrams of the Globular Clusters 47 Tuc, NGC 6362, M5, M3, M55, and M92
我们用HST Wide Field Camera 3(WFC 3)对球状星团(GC)47 Tuc、NGC 6362、M5、M5、M55和M92的观测结果,比较了在C:N:O丰度比([CNO/Fe]的两个不同值)变化下计算的-2.5 <= [Fe/H] <= -0.5的恒星模型。用于将模型转置到观察平面的测辐射热校正是基于新的MARCS合成光谱,该合成光谱结合了对涉及C、N和O原子的分子的改进处理。在距离模量和红度得到充分支持的假设下,其他α元素的[O/Fe] = 0.6和[m/Fe] = 0.4的等时线(这是GC中双星所青睐的)通常再现了观测到的颜色星等图(CMD)的主要特征,误差在~ 0.03 mag.它们似乎与观测到的(M_F336 W-M_F438 W)_0颜色的分布很好地匹配,这些颜色由CN-弱和CN-强恒星沿低巨星分支跨越,但不是最蓝的巨星,它们被怀疑是贫N的([N/Fe] <~ -0.5)。无论是(M_F438 W-M_F606 W)_0的绝对颜色,还是在给定的M_F606W星等上这些颜色的变化,都很难解释,除非最红的恒星是富C的([C/Fe] >~ +0.5)。允许适度的He丰度变化(Δ Y ~ 0.05)改善了对观测的拟合。
Surface brightness-colour relations of Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds classical Cepheids based on Gaia magnitudes
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS(蔚蓝海岸大学,蔚蓝海岸天文台,法国国家科学研究中心);LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS(巴黎天文台 LIRA 实验室,巴黎文理研究大学,索邦大学,巴黎西岱大学,CY 塞尔吉巴黎大学,法国国家科学研究中心);French-Chilean Laboratory for Astronomy, IRL 3386, CNRS(中智天文学联合实验室,法国国家科学研究中心);Universidad de Concepción(康塞普西翁大学);Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics(波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所);Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文中心);Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá(塔拉帕卡大学高等研究院)
Multi-chromatic observations of classical Cepheids using the CHARA Array interferometer: Surface brightness-colour relation, projection factor, and limb-darkening
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange(蔚蓝海岸大学,蔚蓝海岸天文台);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS(巴黎天文台 LIRA 实验室,巴黎文理研究大学,索邦大学,巴黎西岱大学,CY 塞尔吉巴黎大学);French-Chilean Laboratory for Astronomy, IRL 3386, CNRS(中智天文学联合实验室);Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá(塔拉帕卡大学高等研究院);Astronomy Department, University of Michigan(密歇根大学天文学系)