关于Balian-Werthamer超导体的激发
On the Excitations of a Balian-Werthamer Superconductor
摘要：
我的贡献，以纪念大卫李和约翰雷比在他们的90岁生日的这一系列的文章是对超流$^3$ He，特别是B-相的激发光谱的显着现象的反射，这是确定的核磁共振和声学光谱作为Balian-Werthamer状态显示在1963年是基态的自旋三重态，p波超导体在弱耦合BCS理论。$^3$的超流相他为具有破缺的时空对称性和非平凡基态拓扑的电子超导体提供了范例。事实上，打破自旋和轨道旋转对称性导致丰富的频谱集体模式的序参量，可以检测到使用NMR，声学和微波光谱。BW态的拓扑结构意味着其低温、低能输运性质主要由限制在边界或界面上的无隙马约拉纳模式决定。鉴于中央的BW状态发挥的作用，我讨论的BW状态的声学和电磁签名，后者是相关的，如果电子模拟超流体$^3$他-B实现。
英文摘要：
My contribution to this collection of articles in honor of David Lee and John Reppy on their 90th birthdays is a reflection on the remarkable phenomenology of the excitation spectra of superfluid $^3$He, in particular the B-phase which was identified by NMR and acoustic spectroscopy as Balian-Werthamer state shown in 1963 to be the ground state of a spin-triplet, p-wave superconductor within weak-coupling BCS theory. The superfluid phases of $^3$He provide paradigms for electronic superconductors with broken space-time symmetries and non-trivial ground-state topology. Indeed broken spin- and orbital rotation symmetries lead to a rich spectrum of collective modes of the order parameter that can be detected using NMR, acoustic and microwave spectroscopies. The topology of the BW state implies its low-temperature, low-energy transport properties are dominated by gapless Majorana modes confined on boundaries or interfaces. Given the central role the BW state played I discuss the acoustic and electromagnetic signatures of the BW state, the latter being relevant if an electronic analog of superfluid $^3$He-B is realized.
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