从宇宙动力学的观点看空间光的选择性吸收问题
The question of selective absorption of light in space viewed from the viewpoint of the dynamics of the universe
摘要：
空间光的选择性吸收在天文学文献中已经提出。产生吸收的物质必须有一定的质量;因此问题是它有多大。我们发展了一个银河系的动力学模型，假设它可以表示为一个扁平的旋转椭球。利用$δ$ -造父变星和大陵五变星的空间分布和Campbell的恒星平均速度计算了太阳附近银河系的动力学密度$0.100\,M_\odot/pc^3$。我们发现动力学密度等于太阳附近恒星的平均密度。我们的结论是，恒星的内禀引力完全解释了它们的运动，任何其他物质的大量存在似乎都是不可能的。因此，明显的选择性吸收的存在似乎是绝对不可能的，除非人们承认在空间中存在比我们已知的元素原子小得多的粒子。如果颗粒直径为一毫米或更小，并且它们的质量相对较小，则可能存在正常吸收。这种吸收还没有被可靠地检测到;恒星数量随恒星等增加的速度比理论上要求的恒星在空间均匀分布的情况下要慢，这一事实同样可以用光吸收和恒星数量随距离减少来解释。
英文摘要：
The selective light absorption in space has been raised in astronomical literature. The substance producing the absorption must have some mass; thus the question is how large it is. We develop a dynamical model of the Milky Way system, assuming that it can be represented by a flattened ellipsoid of rotation. We use the spatial distribution of $δ$-Cephei and Algol type variable stars, and mean velocities of stars according to Campbell to calculate the dynamical density of the Milky Way near the Sun, $0.100\,M_\odot/pc^3$. We find that the dynamical density is equal to the mean density of stars in the vicinity of the Sun. Our conclusion is that the intrinsic gravity of stars fully explains their motion, and the existence of any other matter in any significant quantity seems unlikely. Therefore, the existence of noticeable selective absorption seems to be absolutely improbable, unless one admits the existence in the space of particles much smaller than atoms of elements known to us. Normal absorption may exist if the particle diameter is of the order of a millimetre or less, and their mass is comparatively small. This absorption has not yet been reliably detected; the fact that the number of stars increases with stellar magnitude more slowly than theory requires in case of uniform distribution of stars in space, can be equally explained by both light absorption and decrease in number of stars with distance.
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