死亡率置换对效应修正和选择偏倚的影响
Implications of Mortality Displacement for Effect Modification and Selection Bias
摘要：
死亡率位移是死亡在时间上向前移动的概念（例如，几天、几个月和几年），这在环境时间序列研究中很常见。使用脆弱人口和预期寿命损失的概念，可以理解，死亡率转移可能会降低率比（RR）。根据研究人群的不同，认为这种降低是轻微的或显著的。环境流行病学家解释RR考虑死亡率位移。这篇理论论文表明，死亡率位移可以被公式化为一个内置的选择偏差的RR在Cox模型中，由于不可测量的风险因素独立于暴露的利益，死亡率位移也可以被视为一个效果的修正因素，通过整合率和预期寿命损失的概念。因此，根据我们看待偏倚的框架，死亡率置换可以被归类为流行病学偏倚分类中的选择偏倚，同时死亡率置换可以被视为效应修正因子。这种二分法提供了有用的影响，政策，效果修改，暴露时间窗的选择，和概括性，特别是为什么流行病学研究可能会产生意想不到的和异质性的RR在不同的研究和亚群。
英文摘要：
Mortality displacement is the concept that deaths are moved forward in time (e.g., a few days, several months, and years) by exposure from when they would occur without the exposure, which is common in environmental time-series studies. Using concepts of a frail population and loss of life expectancy, it is understood that mortality displacement may decrease rate ratio (RR). Such decreases are thought to be minimal or substantial depending on study populations. Environmental epidemiologists have interpreted RR considering mortality displacement. This theoretical paper reveals that mortality displacement can be formulated as a built-in selection bias of RR in Cox models due to unmeasured risk factors independent from exposure of interest, and mortality displacement can also be viewed as an effect modifier by integrating the concepts of rate and loss of life expectancy. Thus, depending on the framework through which we view bias, mortality displacement can be categorized as selection bias in the bias taxonomy of epidemiology, and simultaneously mortality displacement can be seen as an effect modifier. This dichotomy provides useful implications regarding policy, effect modification, exposure time-windows selection, and generalizability, specifically why research in epidemiology may produce unexpected and heterogeneous RR over different studies and sub-populations.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
