准粒子、平带与流体动力学物质的熔化
Quasiparticles, Flat Bands, and the Melting of Hydrodynamic Matter
AI总结：
本研究将量子凝聚态中的准粒子概念应用于二维经典流体动力学相互作用粒子系统，揭示了准粒子引发晶体熔化的机制，以及六方晶体中平带声子导致更陡峭熔化转变的现象，拓展了量子物质理论在经典耗散多体系统中的应用。
摘要：
准粒子——即长寿命的低能类粒子激发——这一概念已成为凝聚态量子物质的核心基石，可用于解释超流性、超导性等多种涌现的多体现象。本文中，我们借助准粒子来解释二维流体动力学相互作用粒子构成的经典系统的集体行为。在该物质的无序相中，测量结果显示存在一个长寿命粒子对的亚群。对有序晶相的建模与模拟表明，这些粒子对就是准粒子，它们涌现于能谱的狄拉克锥处。准粒子会激发超声速的配对雪崩，进而引发晶体熔化。在六方晶体中，流体动力学相互作用的固有三重对称性与晶体的对称性相匹配，其能谱会形成一条平带，其中密集分布着超慢的低频声子，这些声子的集体相互作用会引发更为陡峭的熔化转变。总而言之，这些发现证明了量子物质理论的概念对于理解经典耗散环境中的多体物理具有实用价值。
英文摘要：
The concept of quasiparticles -- long-lived low-energy particle-like excitations -- has become a keystone of condensed quantum matter, where it explains a variety of emergent many-body phenomena, such as superfluidity and superconductivity. Here, we use quasiparticles to explain the collective behavior of a classical system of hydrodynamically interacting particles in two dimensions. In the disordered phase of this matter, measurements reveal a sub-population of long-lived particle pairs. Modeling and simulation of the ordered crystalline phase identify the pairs as quasiparticles, emerging at the Dirac cones of the spectrum. The quasiparticles stimulate supersonic pairing avalanches, bringing about the melting of the crystal. In hexagonal crystals, where the intrinsic threefold symmetry of the hydrodynamic interaction matches that of the crystal, the spectrum forms a flat band dense with ultra-slow, low-frequency phonons whose collective interactions induce a much sharper melting transition. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the usefulness of concepts from quantum matter theory in understanding many-body physics in classical dissipative settings.
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