纠缠熵、单粒子占据概率与短程关联
Entanglement entropy, single-particle occupation probabilities, and short-range correlations
AI总结：
该研究揭示短程关联、费米动量以上单粒子占据概率与纠缠熵的关联，指出高动量尾增加纠缠熵，进而影响重离子碰撞和核裂变等核反应动力学。
摘要：
对于具有短程关联（SRCs）的量子多体系统，其强度、费米动量以上动量处单粒子占据概率的行为以及纠缠熵之间的密切关系，是一个尚未被研究和利用的新定性方面。近期大量凝聚态物理研究表明，纠缠熵的时间演化描述了孤立且强相互作用多体系统的非平衡动力学，其方式类似于玻尔兹曼熵，而玻尔兹曼熵严格定义于稀薄且弱相互作用的多体系统。在原子核和冷原子气体中的理论和实验研究均表明，由于SRCs的存在，费米子动量分布在动量大于费米动量处具有普适行为 $n(k)=C/k^4$，约20%的粒子具有大于费米动量的动量。在存在SRCs时，长动量尾的出现改变了单粒子动能与占据概率之间的教科书关系，即 $n_\text{mf}(k) = {1}/\{ 1+\expβ[ε(k)-μ]\}$，特别是对于与费米动量差异很大的动量，尤其是在动力学过程中。SRCs引起的单粒子占据概率的高动量尾增加了费米子系统的纠缠熵，这反过来又影响了许多核反应的动力学，如重离子碰撞和核裂变。
英文摘要：
For quantum many-body systems with short-range correlations (SRCs), the intimate relationship between their magnitude, the behavior of the single-particle occupation probabilities at momenta larger than the Fermi momentum, and the entanglement entropy is a new qualitative aspect not studied and exploited yet. A large body of recent condensed matter studies indicate that the time evolution of the entanglement entropy describes the non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated and strongly interacting many-body systems, in a manner similar to the Boltzmann entropy, which is strictly defined for dilute and weakly interacting many-body systems. Both theoretical and experimental studies in nuclei and cold atomic gases have shown that the fermion momentum distribution has a generic behavior $n(k)=C/k^4$ at momenta larger than the Fermi momentum, due to the presence of SRCs, with approximately 20\% of the particles having momenta larger than the Fermi momentum. The presence of the long momentum tails in the presence of SRCs changes the textbook relation between the single-particle kinetic energy and occupation probabilities, $n_\text{mf}(k) = {1}/\{ 1+\expβ[ε(k)-μ]\}$ for momenta very different form the Fermi momentum, particularly for dynamics processes. SRCs induced high-momentum tails of the single-particle occupation probabilities increase the entanglement entropy of fermionic systems, which in its turn affects the dynamics of many nuclear reactions, such as heavy-ion collisions and nuclear fission.
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