Quantifying COVID-19 infection over time is an important task to manage the hospitalization of patients during a global pandemic. Recently, deep learning-based approaches have been proposed to help radiologists automatically quantify COVID-19 pathologies on longitudinal CT scans. However, the learning process of deep learning methods demands extensive training data to learn the complex characteristics of infected regions over longitudinal scans. It is challenging to collect a large-scale dataset, especially for longitudinal training. In this study, we want to address this problem by proposing a new self-supervised learning method to effectively train longitudinal networks for the quantification of COVID-19 infections. For this purpose, longitudinal self-supervision schemes are explored on clinical longitudinal COVID-19 CT scans. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective, helping the model better exploit the semantics of longitudinal data and improve two COVID-19 quantification tasks.
Charles Sturt University（查尔斯特大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；Wollongong Hospital（伍伦贡医院）
The application of computer vision for COVID-19 diagnosis is complex and challenging, given the risks associated with patient misclassifications. Arguably, the primary value of medical imaging for COVID-19 lies rather on patient prognosis. Radiological images can guide physicians assessing the severity of the disease, and a series of images from the same patient at different stages can help to gauge disease progression. Hence, a simple method based on lung-pathology interpretable features for scoring disease severity from Chest X-rays is proposed here. As the primary contribution, this method …
The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has affected 1.8 million people and resulted in more than 110,000 deaths as of April 12, 2020. Several studies have shown that tomographic patterns seen on chest Computed Tomography (CT), such as ground-glass opacities, consolidations, and crazy paving pattern, are correlated with the disease severity and progression. CT imaging can thus emerge as an important modality for the management of COVID-19 patients. AI-based solutions can be used to support CT based quantitative reporting and make reading efficient and reproducible if quantitative biomarkers, such a…
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology（斯科尔科沃科学技术学院）；Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems（哈尔克维奇信息传输问题研究所）；Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department（莫斯科卫生局诊断与远程医疗技术研究实践临床中心）；Sklifosovsky Clinical and Research Institute for Emergency Medicine（斯克利福索夫斯基急救医学临床研究所）
The current COVID-19 pandemic overloads healthcare systems, including radiology departments. Though several deep learning approaches were developed to assist in CT analysis, nobody considered study triage directly as a computer science problem. We describe two basic setups: Identification of COVID-19 to prioritize studies of potentially infected patients to isolate them as early as possible; Severity quantification to highlight studies of severe patients and direct them to a hospital or provide emergency medical care. We formalize these tasks as binary classification and estimation of affected…
Imsight AI Research Lab（Imsight人工智能研究实验室）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) characterized by atypical pneumonia has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Automatically segmenting lesions from chest Computed Tomography (CT) is a promising way to assist doctors in COVID-19 screening, treatment planning, and follow-up monitoring. However, voxel-wise annotations are extremely expert-demanding and scarce, especially when it comes to novel diseases, while an abundance of unlabeled data could be available. To tackle the challenge of limited annotations, in this paper, we propose an uncertainty-guided dual-consistency learning netw…
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
Neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance in classification and regression tasks on chest X-rays. In order to establish trust in the clinical routine, the networks' prediction mechanism needs to be interpretable. One principal approach to interpretation is feature attribution. Feature attribution methods identify the importance of input features for the output prediction. Building on Information Bottleneck Attribution (IBA) method, for each prediction we identify the chest X-ray regions that have high mutual information with the network's output. Original IBA identifies input re…
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院）；Siemens Healthineers（西门子医疗）
Purpose: To leverage volumetric quantification of airspace disease (AD) derived from a superior modality (CT) serving as ground truth, projected onto digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) to: 1) train a convolutional neural network to quantify airspace disease on paired CXRs; and 2) compare the DRR-trained CNN to expert human readers in the CXR evaluation of patients with confirmed COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively selected a cohort of 86 COVID-19 patients (with positive RT-PCR), from March-May 2020 at a tertiary hospital in the northeastern USA, who underwent chest CT a…
College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East（中东美国大学工程与技术学院）
Coronavirus Disease spread globally and infected millions of people quickly, causing high pressure on the health-system facilities. PCR screening is the adopted diagnostic testing method for COVID-19 detection. However, PCR is criticized due its low sensitivity ratios, also, it is time-consuming and manual complicated process. CT imaging proved its ability to detect the disease even for asymptotic patients, which make it a trustworthy alternative for PCR. In addition, the appearance of COVID-19 infections in CT slices, offers high potential to support in disease evolution monitoring using auto…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）；Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine（蔚山大学医学院峨山医学中心）；College of Medicine, Yeungnam University（岭南大学医学院）；School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学医学院）
Developing a robust algorithm to diagnose and quantify the severity of COVID-19 using Chest X-ray (CXR) requires a large number of well-curated COVID-19 datasets, which is difficult to collect under the global COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, CXR data with other findings are abundant. This situation is ideally suited for the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture, where a lot of unlabeled data can be used through structural modeling by the self-attention mechanism. However, the use of existing ViT is not optimal, since feature embedding through direct patch flattening or ResNet backbone in…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术院）；Asan Medical Center（峨山医院）；University of Ulsan College of Medicine（蔚山大学医学院）；College of Medicine, Chungnam National Univerity（忠南国立大学医学院）；College of Medicine, Yeungnam University（岭南大学医学院）；School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学医学院）
Under the global pandemic of COVID-19, building an automated framework that quantifies the severity of COVID-19 and localizes the relevant lesion on chest X-ray images has become increasingly important. Although pixel-level lesion severity labels, e.g. lesion segmentation, can be the most excellent target to build a robust model, collecting enough data with such labels is difficult due to time and labor-intensive annotation tasks. Instead, array-based severity labeling that assigns integer scores on six subdivisions of lungs can be an alternative choice enabling the quick labeling. Several gro…
Beyond Uncertainty Quantification: Learning Uncertainty for Trust-Informed Neural Network Decisions - A Case Study in COVID-19 Classification
Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney（技术悉尼大学工程与信息学院）；University Research and Innovation Center (EKIK), Óbuda University（奥布达大学研究与创新中心）
Concordia University（康考迪亚大学）；Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre（桑尼布鲁克健康科学中心）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）
Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that has had devastating effects on the world. Recently, new COVID-19 variants are emerging making the situation more challenging and threatening. Evaluation and quantification of COVID-19 lung abnormalities based on chest Computed Tomography (CT) scans can help determining the disease stage, efficiently allocating limited healthcare resources, and making informed treatment decisions. During pandemic era, however, visual assessment and quantification of COVID-19 lung lesions by expert radiologists become expensiv…
Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University（复旦大学附属公共卫生临床中心）；Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.（上海联影智能医疗科技有限公司）；Shanghai University（上海大学）
CT imaging is crucial for diagnosis, assessment and staging COVID-19 infection. Follow-up scans every 3-5 days are often recommended for disease progression. It has been reported that bilateral and peripheral ground glass opacification (GGO) with or without consolidation are predominant CT findings in COVID-19 patients. However, due to lack of computerized quantification tools, only qualitative impression and rough description of infected areas are currently used in radiological reports. In this paper, a deep learning (DL)-based segmentation system is developed to automatically quantify infect…
Hôpital Foch（福煦医院）；Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine（唐纳德和芭芭拉·祖克医学院）；Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research（范斯坦医学研究所）；Northwell Health（诺斯韦尔健康中心）；Siemens Healthineers（西门子医疗）；University Hospital Basel（巴塞尔大学医院）；Clinic of Radiology & Nuclear medicine（放射与核医学科）；Vancouver General Hospital（温哥华总医院）
Purpose: To present a method that automatically segments and quantifies abnormal CT patterns commonly present in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), namely ground glass opacities and consolidations. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the proposed method takes as input a non-contrasted chest CT and segments the lesions, lungs, and lobes in three dimensions, based on a dataset of 9749 chest CT volumes. The method outputs two combined measures of the severity of lung and lobe involvement, quantifying both the extent of COVID-19 abnormalities and presence of high opacities, based…
Scuola Normale Superiore（比萨高等师范学校）；National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)（国家核物理研究所）；University of Pavia（帕维亚大学）；University of Pisa（比萨大学）；University of Sassari（萨萨里大学）；University of Florence（佛罗伦萨大学）
The automatic assignment of a severity score to the CT scans of patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia could reduce the workload in radiology departments. This study aims at exploiting Artificial intelligence (AI) for the identification, segmentation and quantification of COVID-19 pulmonary lesions. We investigated the effects of using multiple datasets, heterogeneously populated and annotated according to different criteria. We developed an automated analysis pipeline, the LungQuant system, based on a cascade of two U-nets. The first one (U-net_1) is devoted to the identification of the lung…
Chest computed tomography (CT) is widely used for the management of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia because of its availability and rapidity. The standard of reference for confirming COVID-19 relies on microbiological tests but these tests might not be available in an emergency setting and their results are not immediately available, contrary to CT. In addition to its role for early diagnosis, CT has a prognostic role by allowing visually evaluating the extent of COVID-19 lung abnormalities. The objective of this study is to address prediction of short-term outcomes, especially n…
Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center（西达赛奈医学中心生物医学成像研究所）；Cedars-Sinai Medical Center（西达赛奈医学中心）；Semmelweis University（塞梅尔维斯大学）；Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma（帕尔马大学医院）；Monash Health（莫纳什医疗中心）；Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, University of Milan（米兰大学蒙齐诺心脏中心IRCCS）；Showa University School of Medicine（昭和大学医学院）
Quantitative lung measures derived from computed tomography (CT) have been demonstrated to improve prognostication in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, but are not part of the clinical routine since required manual segmentation of lung lesions is prohibitively time-consuming. We propose a new fully automated deep learning framework for rapid quantification and differentiation between lung lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia from both contrast and non-contrast CT images using convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) networks. Utilizing the expert annotations, model training was performe…
University of South Florida（南佛罗里达大学）；University of California, San Francisco（加州大学旧金山分校）
Identifying who is infected with the Covid-19 virus is critical for controlling its spread. X-ray machines are widely available worldwide and can quickly provide images that can be used for diagnosis. A number of recent studies claim it may be possible to build highly accurate models, using deep learning, to detect Covid-19 from chest X-ray images. This paper explores the robustness and generalization ability of convolutional neural network models in diagnosing Covid-19 disease from frontal-view (AP/PA), raw chest X-ray images that were lung field cropped. Some concerning observations are made…
Prairie View A&M University, Texas A&M University System（德州农工大学系统草原风光农工大学）
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic in over 200 countries and territories, which has resulted in a great public health concern across the international community. Analysis of X-ray imaging data can play a critical role in timely and accurate screening and fighting against COVID-19. Supervised deep learning has been successfully applied to recognize COVID-19 pathology from X-ray imaging datasets. However, it requires a substantial amount of annotated X-ray images to train models, which is often not applicable to data analysis for emerging events such as COVID-19 ou…
Vision Transformer-based Model for Severity Quantification of Lung Pneumonia Using Chest X-ray Images
University of the Basque Country（巴斯克大学）；IKERBASQUE；Ho Chi Minh City Open University（胡志明市开放大学）；University of Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学）；INSERM（法国国家健康与医学研究院）；Université de Haute-Alsace（上阿尔萨斯大学）
本文提出 ViTReg-IP，一种由 ViT 与回归头构成的轻量模型，用于根据胸部 X 光量化 COVID-19 等肺病严重程度，并在多来源数据集上验证其低成本、高性能与泛化性。
Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；Stony Brook University Hospital（石溪大学医院）
Significant work has been done towards deep learning (DL) models for automatic lung and lesion segmentation and classification of COVID-19 on chest CT data. However, comprehensive visualization systems focused on supporting the dual visual+DL diagnosis of COVID-19 are non-existent. We present COVID-view, a visualization application specially tailored for radiologists to diagnose COVID-19 from chest CT data. The system incorporates a complete pipeline of automatic lungs segmentation, localization/ isolation of lung abnormalities, followed by visualization, visual and DL analysis, and measuremen…
Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University（迪肯大学智能系统研究与创新研究所（IISRI））；Omid hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences（伊朗医科大学奥米德医院）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied for detecting COVID-19 in medical images. Existing studies mainly apply transfer learning and other data representation strategies to generate accurate point estimates. The generalization power of these networks is always questionable due to being developed using small datasets and failing to report their predictive confidence. Quantifying uncertainties associated with DNN predictions is a prerequisite for their trusted deployment in medical settings. Here we apply and evaluate three uncertainty quantification techniques for COVID-19 detecti…
Muroran Institute of Technology（室兰工业大学）；Niigata University of Healthcare and Welfare（新泻医疗福祉大学）
Nuclear segmentation, classification and quantification within Haematoxylin & Eosin stained histology images enables the extraction of interpretable cell-based features that can be used in downstream explainable models in computational pathology. The Colon Nuclei Identification and Counting (CoNIC) Challenge is held to help drive forward research and innovation for automatic nuclei recognition in computational pathology. This report describes our proposed method submitted to the CoNIC challenge. Our method employs a multi-task learning framework, which performs a panoptic segmentation task and…
Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；Sano Centre for Computational Medicine（萨诺计算医学中心）；Jagiellonian University（雅盖隆大学）；Tooploox
A critical step in the fight against COVID-19, which continues to have a catastrophic impact on peoples lives, is the effective screening of patients presented in the clinics with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Chest radiography is one of the promising screening approaches. Many studies reported detecting COVID-19 in chest X-rays accurately using deep learning. A serious limitation of many published approaches is insufficient attention paid to explaining decisions made by deep learning models. Using explainable artificial intelligence methods, we demonstrate that model decisions may rely on confoun…
Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）；Sharif University of Technology（谢里夫理工大学）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
Chest computed tomography (CT) has played an essential diagnostic role in assessing patients with COVID-19 by showing disease-specific image features such as ground-glass opacity and consolidation. Image segmentation methods have proven to help quantify the disease burden and even help predict the outcome. The availability of longitudinal CT series may also result in an efficient and effective method to reliably assess the progression of COVID-19, monitor the healing process and the response to different therapeutic strategies. In this paper, we propose a new framework to identify infection at…
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust（弗林姆利健康国民医疗服务基金会信托）；Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust（皇家伯克郡国民医疗服务基金会信托）；Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau（圣克鲁和圣保罗医院）；West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust（西萨福克国民医疗服务基金会信托）；Cambridge University Hospital（剑桥大学医院）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust（大奥蒙德街儿童医院国民医疗服务基金会信托）；Institute of Child Health, University College London（伦敦大学学院儿童健康研究所）；UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology（伦敦大学学院皇后广场神经病学研究所）；University of Pavia（帕维亚大学）
Lung ultrasound imaging has been shown effective in detecting typical patterns for interstitial pneumonia, as a point-of-care tool for both patients with COVID-19 and other community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this work, we focus on the hyperechoic B-line segmentation task. Using deep neural networks, we automatically outline the regions that are indicative of pathology-sensitive artifacts and their associated sonographic patterns. With a real-world data-scarce scenario, we investigate approaches to utilize both COVID-19 and CAP lung ultrasound data to train the networks; comparing fine-tuni…
Computer Vision Center（计算机视觉中心）；Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学）
Future SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak COVID-XX might possibly occur during the next years. However the pathology in humans is so recent that many clinical aspects, like early detection of complications, side effects after recovery or early screening, are currently unknown. In spite of the number of cases of COVID-19, its rapid spread putting many sanitary systems in the edge of collapse has hindered proper collection and analysis of the data related to COVID-19 clinical aspects. We describe an interdisciplinary initiative that integrates clinical research, with image diagnostics and the use of new …
Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）；Vanderbilt University Medical Center（范德堡大学医学中心）
Considerable morphological phenotyping studies in nephrology have emerged in the past few years, aiming to discover hidden regularities between clinical and imaging phenotypes. Such studies have been largely enabled by deep learning based image analysis to extract sparsely located targeting objects (e.g., glomeruli) on high-resolution whole slide images (WSI). However, such methods need to be trained using labor-intensive high-quality annotations, ideally labeled by pathologists. Inspired by the recent "human-in-the-loop" strategy, we developed EasierPath, an open-source tool to integrate huma…
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) has been quickly spreading since its outbreak, impacting financial markets and healthcare systems globally. Countries all around the world have adopted a number of extraordinary steps to restrict the spreading virus, where early COVID-19 diagnosis is essential. Medical images such as X-ray images and Computed Tomography scans are becoming one of the main diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19 with the aid of deep learning-based systems. In this survey, we investigate the main contributions of deep learning applications using medical images in fighting against C…
Qatar University（卡塔尔大学）；Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology（孟加拉国工程技术大学）；Reem Medical Center（Reem医疗中心）；Hamad General Hospital（哈马德综合医院）；Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar（威尔康奈尔医学院卡塔尔分校）
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the main agenda of the whole world, since it came into sight in December 2019 as it has significantly affected the world economy and healthcare system. Given the effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary tissues, chest radiographic imaging has become a necessity for screening and monitoring the disease. Numerous studies have proposed Deep Learning approaches for the automatic diagnosis of COVID-19. Although these methods achieved astonishing performance in detection, they have used limited chest X-ray (CXR) repositories for evaluation, usually with a few hun…
University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading rapidly around the world and caused significant impact on the public health and economy. However, there is still lack of studies on effectively quantifying the lung infection caused by COVID-19. As a basic but challenging task of the diagnostic framework, segmentation plays a crucial role in accurate quantification of COVID-19 infection measured by computed tomography (CT) images. To this end, we proposed a novel deep learning algorithm for automated segmentation of multiple COVID-19 infection regions. Specifically, we use the Ag…
Charles Sturt University（查尔斯特大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；Wollongong Hospital（伍伦贡医院）；IBM Australia Limited（IBM澳大利亚有限公司）
X-ray images may present non-trivial features with predictive information of patients that develop severe symptoms of COVID-19. If true, this hypothesis may have practical value in allocating resources to particular patients while using a relatively inexpensive imaging technique. The difficulty of testing such a hypothesis comes from the need for large sets of labelled data, which need to be well-annotated and should contemplate the post-imaging severity outcome. This paper presents an original methodology for extracting semantic features that correlate to severity from a data set with patient…
RADLogics；Tel-Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）；Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University（温州医科大学附属台州医院）；Mount Sinai Hospital（西奈山医院）；University of Maryland School of Medicine（马里兰大学医学院）
Purpose: Develop AI-based automated CT image analysis tools for detection, quantification, and tracking of Coronavirus; demonstrate they can differentiate coronavirus patients from non-patients. Materials and Methods: Multiple international datasets, including from Chinese disease-infected areas were included. We present a system that utilizes robust 2D and 3D deep learning models, modifying and adapting existing AI models and combining them with clinical understanding. We conducted multiple retrospective experiments to analyze the performance of the system in the detection of suspected COVID-…
National Research Council Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会）；University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）
Effective representation learning is the key in improving model performance for medical image analysis. In training deep learning models, a compromise often must be made between performance and trust, both of which are essential for medical applications. Moreover, models optimized with cross-entropy loss tend to suffer from unwarranted overconfidence in the majority class and over-cautiousness in the minority class. In this work, we integrate a new surrogate loss with self-supervised learning for computer-aided screening of COVID-19 patients using radiography images. In addition, we adopt a ne…
Improving accuracy and uncertainty quantification of deep learning based quantitative MRI using Monte Carlo dropout
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；Tianjin University（天津大学）
针对深度学习定量 MRI 的精度与不确定性问题，提出训练和推理均使用 Monte Carlo dropout 并平均多次预测的方法，在小数据集下显著提升 FA、MD 图精度，还能生成辅助诊断的置信图。
KU Leuven（鲁汶大学）；UZ Leuven（鲁汶大学医院）；Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；imec
Recent research on COVID-19 suggests that CT imaging provides useful information to assess disease progression and assist diagnosis, in addition to help understanding the disease. There is an increasing number of studies that propose to use deep learning to provide fast and accurate quantification of COVID-19 using chest CT scans. The main tasks of interest are the automatic segmentation of lung and lung lesions in chest CT scans of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. In this study, we compare twelve deep learning algorithms using a multi-center dataset, including both open-source and in…
Seoul National University Hospital（首尔大学医院）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学）；Yeungnam University College of Medicine（岭南大学医学院）；Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine（大邱加图立大学医学院）；Keimyung University School of Medicine（启明大学医学院）
Purpose. Imaging plays an important role in assessing severity of COVID 19 pneumonia. However, semantic interpretation of chest radiography (CXR) findings does not include quantitative description of radiographic opacities. Most current AI assisted CXR image analysis framework do not quantify for regional variations of disease. To address these, we proposed a four region lung segmentation method to assist accurate quantification of COVID 19 pneumonia. Methods. A segmentation model to separate left and right lung is firstly applied, and then a carina and left hilum detection network is used, wh…
Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.（上海联影智能医疗科技有限公司）；Shanghai University（上海大学）；United Imaging Intelligence（联影智能）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；Medical School of Nanjing University（南京大学医学院）；National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University（南京大学国家医疗数据科学研究院）
(This paper was submitted as an invited paper to IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering on April 6, 2020.) The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world. Medical imaging such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the global fight against COVID-19, whereas the recently emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies further strengthen the power of the imaging tools and help medical specialists. We hereby review the rapid responses in the community of medical imaging (empowered by AI) toward COVID-19. For example, AI-empowered i…
Sensyne Health PLC（森赛恩健康上市公司）；Chelsea and Westminster Hospitals（切尔西与威斯敏斯特医院）；Royal Brompton Hospital（皇家布朗普顿医院）；National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College（帝国理工学院国家心肺研究所）
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on day-to-day life. Tackling the disease by providing the necessary resources to the affected is of paramount importance. However, estimation of the required resources is not a trivial task given the number of factors which determine the requirement. This issue can be addressed by predicting the probability that an infected patient requires Intensive Care Unit (ICU) support and the importance of each of the factors that influence it. Moreover, to assist the doctors in determining the patients at high risk of fatality, the probability of death…
University of California, San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校）；Hangzhou Ocean's Smart Boya Co., Ltd（杭州海洋智能博雅有限公司）；Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital（深圳市第二人民医院）；Royal Brompton Hospital（皇家布朗普顿医院）；Imperial College London（伦敦帝国理工学院）
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made leapfrogs in development across all the industrial sectors especially when deep learning has been introduced. Deep learning helps to learn the behaviour of an entity through methods of recognising and interpreting patterns. Despite its limitless potential, the mystery is how deep learning algorithms make a decision in the first place. Explainable AI (XAI) is the key to unlocking AI and the black-box for deep learning. XAI is an AI model that is programmed to explain its goals, logic, and decision making so that the end users can understand. The end users c…
Incremental Value and Interpretability of Radiomics Features of Both Lung and Epicardial Adipose Tissue for Detecting the Severity of COVID-19 Infection
School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry（郑州轻工业大学计算机与通信工程学院）；Universidade Federal Fluminense（弗鲁米嫩塞联邦大学）；DASA Complexo Hospitalar de Niterói（达萨尼泰罗伊医院综合体）；Michigan Technological University（密歇根理工大学）；Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University（复旦大学附属中山医院）；Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases（上海市心血管病研究所）；National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine（国家介入医学临床研究中心）；Center for Biocomputing and Digital Health, Institute of Computing and Cybersystems, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University（密歇根理工大学生物计算与数字健康中心、计算与网络系统研究所及健康研究所）
CAD-Unet: A Capsule Network-Enhanced Unet Architecture for Accurate Segmentation of COVID-19 Lung Infections from CT Images
School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University（宁夏大学信息工程学院）；Ningxia Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Information Security for Channeling Computing Resources from the East to the West, Ningxia University（宁夏人工智能与信息安全重点实验室）；School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ningxia Normal University（宁夏师范学院数学与计算机科学学院）；School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Ningxia University（宁夏大学先进交叉学科学院）
Jamia Millia Islamia（贾米亚·米利亚·伊斯兰亚大学）；Higher Education Department, J&K（查谟和克什米尔高等教育厅）；Lelafe IT Solutions（Lelafe IT解决方案公司）
Background and Objective The novel Coronavirus also called COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has now spread across the world. It has so far infected around 1.8 million people and claimed approximately 114,698 lives overall. As the number of cases are rapidly increasing, most of the countries are facing shortage of testing kits and resources. The limited quantity of testing kits and increasing number of daily cases encouraged us to come up with a Deep Learning model that can aid radiologists and clinicians in detecting COVID-19 cases using chest X-rays. Methods In this st…
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室）
While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy in various applications, they often fall short in accurately estimating their predictive uncertainty and, in turn, fail to recognize when these predictions may be wrong. Several uncertainty-aware models, such as Bayesian Neural Network (BNNs) and Deep Ensembles have been proposed in the literature for quantifying predictive uncertainty. However, research in this area has been largely confined to the big data regime. In this work, we show that the uncertainty estimation capability of state-of-the-art BNNs and Deep Ensemble mode…
