无透镜全息成像用于尿路感染筛查
Lens free holographic imaging for urinary tract infection screening
摘要：
尿路感染（UTI）是一种常见的疾病，可导致严重的并发症，包括肾损伤，精神状态改变，败血症和死亡。实验室检查，如尿分析和尿培养是尿路感染诊断的主要手段，其中尿液标本被收集和处理，以揭示其细胞和化学成分。这一过程需要精确的标本采集、处理感染性人类废物、控制尿液储存以及及时运送到现代实验室设备进行分析。全息无透镜成像（LFI）可以通过简单紧凑的光学装置测量大量尿液，从而可能在患者床边实现自动尿液分析。我们介绍了一个LFI系统，能够解决重要的尿液临床生物标志物，如红细胞，白细胞，晶体，管型，和E。尿液中有大肠杆菌。该方法对检测几种临床尿液异常（如血尿、脓尿和菌尿）相关的颗粒浓度敏感。我们表明，细菌浓度在八个数量级可以通过分析LFI测量估计。血细胞浓度的LFI测量对超过七个数量级的细菌浓度变化相对不敏感。最后，LFI揭示了来自人类患者的UTI阳性和UTI阴性尿液之间的明显差异。总之，这些结果显示LFI作为尿液筛查工具的前景，可能提供UTI和其他病理过程的早期即时检测。
英文摘要：
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common condition that can lead to serious complications including kidney injury, altered mental status, sepsis, and death. Laboratory tests such as urinalysis and urine culture are the mainstays of UTI diagnosis, whereby a urine specimen is collected and processed to reveal its cellular and chemical composition. This process requires precise specimen collection, handling infectious human waste, controlled urine storage, and timely transportation to modern laboratory equipment for analysis. Holographic lens free imaging (LFI) can measure large volumes of urine via a simple and compact optical setup, potentially enabling automatic urine analysis at the patient bedside. We introduce an LFI system capable of resolving important urine clinical biomarkers such as red blood cells, white blood cells, crystals, casts, and E. Coli in urine phantoms. This approach is sensitive to the particulate concentrations relevant for detecting several clinical urine abnormalities such as hematuria, pyuria, and bacteriuria. We show bacteria concentrations across eight orders of magnitude can be estimated by analyzing LFI measurements. LFI measurements of blood cell concentrations are relatively insensitive to changes in bacteria concentrations of over seven orders of magnitude. Lastly, LFI reveals clear differences between UTI-positive and UTI-negative urine from human patients. Together, these results show promise for LFI as a tool for urine screening, potentially offering early, point-of-care detection of UTI and other pathological processes.
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