有限状态机变长测试用例的优先级生成
Prioritized Variable-length Test Cases Generation for Finite State Machines
摘要：
基于模型的测试（MBT）是一种有效的测试方法，当被测系统的部件具有有限状态机（FSM）的特性时。尽管在这一主题的文献中的各种策略，很少有工作存在，以处理特殊的测试情况。更具体地，当并发时：（1）测试路径可以仅在FSM的定义的状态中开始和结束，（2）需要仅要求FSM的定义的状态和转换被测试用例访问的优先化机制，以及（3）测试路径必须在给定的长度范围内，不一定具有明确的统一长度。本文提出了一种测试生成策略，满足所有这些要求。这些要求的并行组合对于实际工业测试是非常实用的。六种可能的算法来实现这一战略的变种。使用的混合物180个问题的情况下，从真正的汽车和国防项目和人工生成的FSM，所有的变种进行比较的基础上建立的N-开关覆盖概念修改的基线策略。所生成的测试路径的各种属性和它们激活FSM中定义的虚构缺陷的潜力进行评估。所提出的策略在大多数问题配置中优于基线。在六个分析的变体中，有三个给出了最好的结果，尽管很难确定一个普遍的最佳表现者。根据有限状态机的应用，本文提出的策略和评估适用于测试功能和非功能软件需求。
英文摘要：
Model-based Testing (MBT) is an effective approach for testing when parts of a system-under-test have the characteristics of a finite state machine (FSM). Despite various strategies in the literature on this topic, little work exists to handle special testing situations. More specifically, when concurrently: (1) the test paths can start and end only in defined states of the FSM, (2) a prioritization mechanism that requires only defined states and transitions of the FSM to be visited by test cases is required, and (3) the test paths must be in a given length range, not necessarily of explicit uniform length. This paper presents a test generation strategy that satisfies all these requirements. A concurrent combination of these requirements is highly practical for real industrial testing. Six variants of possible algorithms to implement this strategy are described. Using a mixture of 180 problem instances from real automotive and defense projects and artificially generated FSMs, all variants are compared with a baseline strategy based on an established N-switch coverage concept modification. Various properties of the generated test paths and their potential to activate fictional defects defined in FSMs are evaluated. The presented strategy outperforms the baseline in most problem configurations. Out of the six analyzed variants, three give the best results even though a universal best performer is hard to identify. Depending on the application of the FSM, the strategy and evaluation presented in this paper are applicable both in testing functional and non-functional software requirements.
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