Knowledge Graph Embedding Methods for Entity Alignment: An Experimental Review
Institute of Computer Science, FORTH（FORTH计算机科学研究所）；University of Crete（克里特大学）；CY Cergy Paris University（CY塞尔吉-巴黎大学）；ENSEA（国立高等电子及应用学院）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）
This preprint has not undergone peer review (when applicable) or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-023-00941-9
In recent years, we have witnessed the proliferation of knowledge graphs (KG) in various domains, aiming to support applications like question answering, recommendations, etc. A frequent task when integrating knowledge from different KGs is to find which subgraphs refer to the same real-world entity. Recently, embedding methods have been used for entity alignment tasks, that learn a vector-space representation of entities which preserves their similarity in the original KGs. A wide variety of supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised methods have been proposed that exploit both factual (attribute based) and structural information (relation based) of entities in the KGs. Still, a quantitative assessment of their strengths and weaknesses in real-world KGs according to different performance metrics and KG characteristics is missing from the literature. In this work, we conduct the first meta-level analysis of popular embedding methods for entity alignment, based on a statistically sound methodology. Our analysis reveals statistically significant correlations of different embedding methods with various meta-features extracted by KGs and rank them in a statistically significant way according to their effectiveness across all real-world KGs of our testbed. Finally, we study interesting trade-offs in terms of methods' effectiveness and efficiency.
Entity alignment which aims at linking entities with the same meaning from different knowledge graphs (KGs) is a vital step for knowledge fusion. Existing research focused on learning embeddings of entities by utilizing structural information of KGs for entity alignment. These methods can aggregate information from neighboring nodes but may also bring noise from neighbors. Most recently, several researchers attempted to compare neighboring nodes in pairs to enhance the entity alignment. However, they ignored the relations between entities which are also important for neighborhood matching. In …
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University（南京大学计算机软件新技术国家重点实验室）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
Entity alignment is a crucial step in integrating knowledge graphs (KGs) from multiple sources. Previous attempts at entity alignment have explored different KG structures, such as neighborhood-based and path-based contexts, to learn entity embeddings, but they are limited in capturing the multi-context features. Moreover, most approaches directly utilize the embedding similarity to determine entity alignment without considering the global interaction among entities and relations. In this work, we propose an Informed Multi-context Entity Alignment (IMEA) model to address these issues. In parti…
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；Soochow University（苏州大学）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
Entity alignment is to find identical entities in different knowledge graphs. Although embedding-based entity alignment has recently achieved remarkable progress, training data insufficiency remains a critical challenge. Conventional semi-supervised methods also suffer from the incorrect entity alignment in newly proposed training data. To resolve these issues, we design an iterative cycle-teaching framework for semi-supervised entity alignment. The key idea is to train multiple entity alignment models (called aligners) simultaneously and let each aligner iteratively teach its successor the pr…
Nanjing University（南京大学）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）
This paper studies a new problem setting of entity alignment for knowledge graphs (KGs). Since KGs possess different sets of entities, there could be entities that cannot find alignment across them, leading to the problem of dangling entities. As the first attempt to this problem, we construct a new dataset and design a multi-task learning framework for both entity alignment and dangling entity detection. The framework can opt to abstain from predicting alignment for the detected dangling entities. We propose three techniques for dangling entity detection that are based on the distribution of …
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Universitas Indonesia（印度尼西亚大学）；Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）
The task of entity alignment between knowledge graphs (KGs) aims to identify every pair of entities from two different KGs that represent the same entity. Many machine learning-based methods have been proposed for this task. However, to our best knowledge, existing methods all require manually crafted seed alignments, which are expensive to obtain. In this paper, we propose the first fully automatic alignment method named TransAlign, which does not require any manually crafted seed alignments. Specifically, for predicate embeddings, TransAlign constructs a predicate-proximity-graph to automati…
University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）
Multilingual knowledge graph (KG) embeddings provide latent semantic representations of entities and structured knowledge with cross-lingual inferences, which benefit various knowledge-driven cross-lingual NLP tasks. However, precisely learning such cross-lingual inferences is usually hindered by the low coverage of entity alignment in many KGs. Since many multilingual KGs also provide literal descriptions of entities, in this paper, we introduce an embedding-based approach which leverages a weakly aligned multilingual KG for semi-supervised cross-lingual learning using entity descriptions. Ou…
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；Soochow University（苏州大学）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
Entity alignment is a crucial task in knowledge graph fusion. However, most entity alignment approaches have the scalability problem. Recent methods address this issue by dividing large KGs into small blocks for embedding and alignment learning in each. However, such a partitioning and learning process results in an excessive loss of structure and alignment. Therefore, in this work, we propose a scalable GNN-based entity alignment approach to reduce the structure and alignment loss from three perspectives. First, we propose a centrality-based subgraph generation algorithm to recall some landma…
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）
We study dangling-aware entity alignment in knowledge graphs (KGs), which is an underexplored but important problem. As different KGs are naturally constructed by different sets of entities, a KG commonly contains some dangling entities that cannot find counterparts in other KGs. Therefore, dangling-aware entity alignment is more realistic than the conventional entity alignment where prior studies simply ignore dangling entities. We propose a framework using mixed high-order proximities on dangling-aware entity alignment. Our framework utilizes both the local high-order proximity in a nearest …
A Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Framework for Unsupervised Knowledge Graph Entity Alignment
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）
University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）
This work studies the use of visual semantic representations to align entities in heterogeneous knowledge graphs (KGs). Images are natural components of many existing KGs. By combining visual knowledge with other auxiliary information, we show that the proposed new approach, EVA, creates a holistic entity representation that provides strong signals for cross-graph entity alignment. Besides, previous entity alignment methods require human labelled seed alignment, restricting availability. EVA provides a completely unsupervised solution by leveraging the visual similarity of entities to create a…
Entity alignment aims at integrating heterogeneous knowledge from different knowledge graphs. Recent studies employ embedding-based methods by first learning the representation of Knowledge Graphs and then performing entity alignment via measuring the similarity between entity embeddings. However, they failed to make good use of the relation semantic information due to the trade-off problem caused by the different objectives of learning knowledge embedding and neighborhood consensus. To address this problem, we propose Relational Knowledge Distillation for Entity Alignment (RKDEA), a Graph Con…
Nanjing University（南京大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
We study the problem of embedding-based entity alignment between knowledge graphs (KGs). Previous works mainly focus on the relational structure of entities. Some further incorporate another type of features, such as attributes, for refinement. However, a vast of entity features are still unexplored or not equally treated together, which impairs the accuracy and robustness of embedding-based entity alignment. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that unifies multiple views of entities to learn embeddings for entity alignment. Specifically, we embed entities based on the views of entity …
Many AI-related tasks involve the interactions of data in multiple modalities. It has been a new trend to merge multi-modal information into knowledge graph(KG), resulting in multi-modal knowledge graphs (MMKG). However, MMKGs usually suffer from low coverage and incompleteness. To mitigate this problem, a viable approach is to integrate complementary knowledge from other MMKGs. To this end, although existing entity alignment approaches could be adopted, they operate in the Euclidean space, and the resulting Euclidean entity representations can lead to large distortion of KG's hierarchical str…
Nanjing University（南京大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）；University of Texas at Arlington（德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校）
Entity alignment seeks to find entities in different knowledge graphs (KGs) that refer to the same real-world object. Recent advancement in KG embedding impels the advent of embedding-based entity alignment, which encodes entities in a continuous embedding space and measures entity similarities based on the learned embeddings. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive experimental study of this emerging field. We survey 23 recent embedding-based entity alignment approaches and categorize them based on their techniques and characteristics. We also propose a new KG sampling algorithm, with which…
School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University（北京大学软件与微电子学院）；National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University（北京大学国家软件工程研究中心）；Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (PKU), Ministry of Education（教育部高可信软件技术重点实验室（北京大学））
Entity alignment (EA) is the task to discover entities referring to the same real-world object from different knowledge graphs (KGs), which is the most crucial step in integrating multi-source KGs. The majority of the existing embeddings-based entity alignment methods embed entities and relations into a vector space based on relation triples of KGs for local alignment. As these methods insufficiently consider the multiple relations between entities, the structure information of KGs has not been fully leveraged. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Relation-aware Graph Attention…
Cross-platform Product Matching Based on Entity Alignment of Knowledge Graph with RAEA model
The Laboratory for AI-Powered Financial Technologies（人工智能赋能金融科技实验室）；School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong（数据科学学院）；College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University（智能与计算学院）
Much research effort has been put to multilingual knowledge graph (KG) embedding methods to address the entity alignment task, which seeks to match entities in different languagespecific KGs that refer to the same real-world object. Such methods are often hindered by the insufficiency of seed alignment provided between KGs. Therefore, we propose an incidentally supervised model, JEANS , which jointly represents multilingual KGs and text corpora in a shared embedding scheme, and seeks to improve entity alignment with incidental supervision signals from text. JEANS first deploys an entity ground…
Unsupervised Entity Alignment Based on Personalized Discriminative Rooted Tree
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University（集成服务网络国家重点实验室，计算机科学与技术学院，西安电子科技大学）；Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University（教育部智能感知与图像理解重点实验室，人工智能学院，西安电子科技大学）；State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University（CAD&CG国家重点实验室，浙江大学）
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）
In the last few years, the interest in knowledge bases has grown exponentially in both the research community and the industry due to their essential role in AI applications. Entity alignment is an important task for enriching knowledge bases. This paper provides a comprehensive tutorial-type survey on representative entity alignment techniques that use the new approach of representation learning. We present a framework for capturing the key characteristics of these techniques, propose two datasets to address the limitation of existing benchmark datasets, and conduct extensive experiments usin…
National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）；Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学）
Entity alignment (EA) aims to discover the equivalent entities in different knowledge graphs (KGs). It is a pivotal step for integrating KGs to increase knowledge coverage and quality. Recent years have witnessed a rapid increase of EA frameworks. However, state-of-the-art solutions tend to rely on labeled data for model training. Additionally, they work under the closed-domain setting and cannot deal with entities that are unmatchable. To address these deficiencies, we offer an unsupervised framework that performs entity alignment in the open world. Specifically, we first mine useful features…
South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；The Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；Yunnan University（云南大学）；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）
Multimodal named entity recognition (MNER) and multimodal relation extraction (MRE) are two fundamental subtasks in the multimodal knowledge graph construction task. However, the existing methods usually handle two tasks independently, which ignores the bidirectional interaction between them. This paper is the first to propose jointly performing MNER and MRE as a joint multimodal entity-relation extraction task (JMERE). Besides, the current MNER and MRE models only consider aligning the visual objects with textual entities in visual and textual graphs but ignore the entity-entity relationships…
Entity Alignment (EA) identifies entities across databases that refer to the same entity. Knowledge graph-based embedding methods have recently dominated EA techniques. Such methods map entities to a low-dimension space and align them based on their similarities. With the corpus of EA methodologies growing rapidly, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various existing EA methods, elaborating their applications and limitations. Further, we distinguish the methods based on their underlying algorithms and the information they incorporate to learn entity representations. Based on challe…
Tencent Jarvis Lab（腾讯天衍实验室）；Tencent（腾讯）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
Semantic embedding has been widely investigated for aligning knowledge graph (KG) entities. Current methods have explored and utilized the graph structure, the entity names and attributes, but ignore the ontology (or ontological schema) which contains critical meta information such as classes and their membership relationships with entities. In this paper, we propose an ontology-guided entity alignment method named OntoEA, where both KGs and their ontologies are jointly embedded, and the class hierarchy and the class disjointness are utilized to avoid false mappings. Extensive experiments on s…
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Guizhou University（贵州大学）；Shanghai Transsion Co., Ltd（上海传音有限公司）
Entity alignment (EA) aims to find entities in different knowledge graphs (KGs) that refer to the same object in the real world. Recent studies incorporate temporal information to augment the representations of KGs. The existing methods for EA between temporal KGs (TKGs) utilize a time-aware attention mechanism to incorporate relational and temporal information into entity embeddings. The approaches outperform the previous methods by using temporal information. However, we believe that it is not necessary to learn the embeddings of temporal information in KGs since most TKGs have uniform tempo…
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi（印度理工学院德里分校）；Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校）
Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) predicts missing facts in an incomplete Knowledge Graph. Almost all of existing KGC research is applicable to only one KG at a time, and in one language only. However, different language speakers may maintain separate KGs in their language and no individual KG is expected to be complete. Moreover, common entities or relations in these KGs have different surface forms and IDs, leading to ID proliferation. Entity alignment (EA) and relation alignment (RA) tasks resolve this by recognizing pairs of entity (relation) IDs in different KGs that represent the same ent…
Tencent Jarvis Lab（腾讯天衍实验室）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
Embedding-based entity alignment has been widely investigated in recent years, but most proposed methods still rely on an ideal supervised learning setting with a large number of unbiased seed mappings for training and validation, which significantly limits their usage. In this study, we evaluate those state-of-the-art methods in an industrial context, where the impact of seed mappings with different sizes and different biases is explored. Besides the popular benchmarks from DBpedia and Wikidata, we contribute and evaluate a new industrial benchmark that is extracted from two heterogeneous kno…
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Neusoft Research of Intelligent Healthcare Technology, Co. Ltd.（东软智能医疗科技研究有限公司）
Entity Alignment (EA) aims to match equivalent entities across different Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and is an essential step of KG fusion. Current mainstream methods -- neural EA models -- rely on training with seed alignment, i.e., a set of pre-aligned entity pairs which are very costly to annotate. In this paper, we devise a novel Active Learning (AL) framework for neural EA, aiming to create highly informative seed alignment to obtain more effective EA models with less annotation cost. Our framework tackles two main challenges encountered when applying AL to EA: (1) How to exploit dependencies …
Query-Conditioned Knowledge Alignment for Reliable Cross-System Medical Reasoning
Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（深圳先进研究院，电子科技大学）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学电气与计算机工程系）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学计算机科学与工程学院）
Leveraging Intra-modal and Inter-modal Interaction for Multi-Modal Entity Alignment
School of Computer；Information Technology Shanxi University Taiyuan China；School of Computer Science；Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff UK；ILCC, School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK；Information Technology Shanxi University；Informatics Cardiff University；ILCC, School of Informatics University of Edinburgh
Entity alignment (EA) aims at finding equivalent entities in different knowledge graphs (KGs). Embedding-based approaches have dominated the EA task in recent years. Those methods face problems that come from the geometric properties of embedding vectors, including hubness and isolation. To solve these geometric problems, many normalization approaches have been adopted for EA. However, the increasing scale of KGs renders it hard for EA models to adopt the normalization processes, thus limiting their usage in real-world applications. To tackle this challenge, we present ClusterEA, a general fra…
South China Normal University（华南师范大学）；Hanshan Normal University（韩山师范学院）
Entity Alignment (EA) has attracted widespread attention in both academia and industry, which aims to seek entities with same meanings from different Knowledge Graphs (KGs). There are substantial multi-step relation paths between entities in KGs, indicating the semantic relations of entities. However, existing methods rarely consider path information because not all natural paths facilitate for EA judgment. In this paper, we propose a more effective entity alignment framework, RPR-RHGT, which integrates relation and path structure information, as well as the heterogeneous information in KGs. I…
TIB Leibniz Information Center for Science and Technology（莱布尼茨科学技术信息中心（TIB））；Leibniz University of Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）；L3S Research Center（L3S研究中心）
Despite encoding enormous amount of rich and valuable data, existing data sources are mostly created independently, being a significant challenge to their integration. Mapping languages, e.g., RML and R2RML, facilitate declarative specification of the process of applying meta-data and integrating data into a knowledge graph. Mapping rules can also include knowledge extraction functions in addition to expressing correspondences among data sources and a unified schema. Combining mapping rules and functions represents a powerful formalism to specify pipelines for integrating data into a knowledge…
National University of Defense Technology（中国人民解放军国防科技大学）；The University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology（地理空间技术协同创新中心）
Entity alignment (EA) identifies entities that refer to the same real-world object but locate in different knowledge graphs (KGs), and has been harnessed for KG construction and integration. When generating EA results, current solutions treat entities independently and fail to take into account the interdependence between entities. To fill this gap, we propose a collective EA framework. We first employ three representative features, i.e., structural, semantic and string signals, which are adapted to capture different aspects of the similarity between entities in heterogeneous KGs. In order to …
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）
Seeking the equivalent entities among multi-source Knowledge Graphs (KGs) is the pivotal step to KGs integration, also known as \emph{entity alignment} (EA). However, most existing EA methods are inefficient and poor in scalability. A recent summary points out that some of them even require several days to deal with a dataset containing 200,000 nodes (DWY100K). We believe over-complex graph encoder and inefficient negative sampling strategy are the two main reasons. In this paper, we propose a novel KG encoder -- Dual Attention Matching Network (Dual-AMN), which not only models both intra-grap…
Entity Alignment (EA), which aims to detect entity mappings (i.e. equivalent entity pairs) in different Knowledge Graphs (KGs), is critical for KG fusion. Neural EA methods dominate current EA research but still suffer from their reliance on labelled mappings. To solve this problem, a few works have explored boosting the training of EA models with self-training, which adds confidently predicted mappings into the training data iteratively. Though the effectiveness of self-training can be glimpsed in some specific settings, we still have very limited knowledge about it. One reason is the existin…
Entity alignment (EA) is a fundamental data integration task that identifies equivalent entities between different knowledge graphs (KGs). Temporal Knowledge graphs (TKGs) extend traditional knowledge graphs by introducing timestamps, which have received increasing attention. State-of-the-art time-aware EA studies have suggested that the temporal information of TKGs facilitates the performance of EA. However, existing studies have not thoroughly exploited the advantages of temporal information in TKGs. Also, they perform EA by pre-aligning entity pairs, which can be labor-intensive and thus in…
Rethinking Uncertainly Missing and Ambiguous Visual Modality in Multi-Modal Entity Alignment
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；The University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；The University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Donghai laboratory（东海实验室）
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Neusoft Research of Intelligent Healthcare Technology, Co. Ltd.（东软智能医疗科技研究院有限公司）；Neusoft Corporation（东软集团股份有限公司）
Entity Alignment (EA) aims to find equivalent entities between two Knowledge Graphs (KGs). While numerous neural EA models have been devised, they are mainly learned using labelled data only. In this work, we argue that different entities within one KG should have compatible counterparts in the other KG due to the potential dependencies among the entities. Making compatible predictions thus should be one of the goals of training an EA model along with fitting the labelled data: this aspect however is neglected in current methods. To power neural EA models with compatibility, we devise a traini…
Harnessing Structural Context for Entity Alignment Foundation Models
State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China（南京大学新型软件技术国家重点实验室）；Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China（南京信息科学技术大学）；National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China（南京大学健康数据科学国家研究院）
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑大学）；Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS（弗劳恩霍夫集成电路研究所IIS）；Siemens AG（西门子股份公司）
In this work, we focus on the problem of entity alignment in Knowledge Graphs (KG) and we report on our experiences when applying a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) based model for this task. Variants of GCN are used in multiple state-of-the-art approaches and therefore it is important to understand the specifics and limitations of GCN-based models. Despite serious efforts, we were not able to fully reproduce the results from the original paper and after a thorough audit of the code provided by authors, we concluded, that their implementation is different from the architecture described in th…
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Neusoft Research of Intelligent Healthcare Technology, Co. Ltd.（东软智能医疗科技研究院有限公司）；Neusoft Corporation（东软集团股份有限公司）
Entity Alignment (EA) aims to match equivalent entities that refer to the same real-world objects and is a key step for Knowledge Graph (KG) fusion. Most neural EA models cannot be applied to large-scale real-life KGs due to their excessive consumption of GPU memory and time. One promising solution is to divide a large EA task into several subtasks such that each subtask only needs to match two small subgraphs of the original KGs. However, it is challenging to divide the EA task without losing effectiveness. Existing methods display low coverage of potential mappings, insufficient evidence in …
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Tencent（腾讯）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；The University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）
Entity alignment (EA) for knowledge graphs (KGs) plays a critical role in knowledge engineering. Existing EA methods mostly focus on utilizing the graph structures and entity attributes (including literals), but ignore images that are common in modern multi-modal KGs. In this study we first constructed Multi-OpenEA -- eight large-scale, image-equipped EA benchmarks, and then evaluated some existing embedding-based methods for utilizing images. In view of the complementary nature of visual modal information and logical deduction, we further developed a new multi-modal EA method named LODEME usi…
Nanjing University（南京大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for embedding-based entity alignment due to their capability of identifying isomorphic subgraphs. However, in real knowledge graphs (KGs), the counterpart entities usually have non-isomorphic neighborhood structures, which easily causes GNNs to yield different representations for them. To tackle this problem, we propose a new KG alignment network, namely AliNet, aiming at mitigating the non-isomorphism of neighborhood structures in an end-to-end manner. As the direct neighbors of counterpart entities are usually dissimilar due to…
National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）；The University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）
Entity alignment (EA) is to discover equivalent entities in knowledge graphs (KGs), which bridges heterogeneous sources of information and facilitates the integration of knowledge. Existing EA solutions mainly rely on structural information to align entities, typically through KG embedding. Nonetheless, in real-life KGs, only a few entities are densely connected to others, and the rest majority possess rather sparse neighborhood structure. We refer to the latter as long-tail entities, and observe that such phenomenon arguably limits the use of structural information for EA. To mitigate the iss…
Toward Practical Entity Alignment Method Design: Insights from New Highly Heterogeneous Knowledge Graph Datasets
CAS Key Laboratory of AI Safety & Security, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所人工智能安全与安全重点实验室）；School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science（中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院）；IDEA Research, International Digital Economy Academy（国际数字经济学院 IDEA 研究院）；National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）
Tencent Jarvis Lab（腾讯天衍实验室）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Tencent（腾讯）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）
Knowledge Graph (KG) alignment is to discover the mappings (i.e., equivalent entities, relations, and others) between two KGs. The existing methods can be divided into the embedding-based models, and the conventional reasoning and lexical matching based systems. The former compute the similarity of entities via their cross-KG embeddings, but they usually rely on an ideal supervised learning setting for good performance and lack appropriate reasoning to avoid logically wrong mappings; while the latter address the reasoning issue but are poor at utilizing the KG graph structures and the entity c…
Nanjing University（南京大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）
Learning knowledge graph (KG) embeddings has received increasing attention in recent years. Most embedding models in literature interpret relations as linear or bilinear mapping functions to operate on entity embeddings. However, we find that such relation-level modeling cannot capture the diverse relational structures of KGs well. In this paper, we propose a novel edge-centric embedding model TransEdge, which contextualizes relation representations in terms of specific head-tail entity pairs. We refer to such contextualized representations of a relation as edge embeddings and interpret them a…
