下一代物理设施触发和数据采集系统的创新
Innovations in trigger and data acquisition systems for next-generation physics facilities
摘要：
数据密集型物理设施越来越依赖于异构和大规模的数据处理和计算系统，以便收集、分发、处理、过滤和分析不断增加的大量数据。此外，这些任务通常在硬实时或准实时处理流水线中执行，这些流水线对这些系统的各种参数和设计选择施加了极端的约束。因此，在设计、建造和操作这些设施时面临大量和各种各样的挑战。在粒子物理学的能量和强度前沿领域尤其如此，在这些领域，原始数据的带宽可以超过100 TB/s，这些数据来自3亿多个传感器。在这些设施中部署的数据过滤和压缩算法通常在$10^5$中的1部分级别上运行，一旦执行，这些算法将驱动数据管理过程，进一步突出了这些系统在这些努力的物理影响中的关键作用。本白皮书旨在强调这些设施在触发和数据采集仪器和系统的设计、安装、调试、集成和运行以及建立所需的领域知识和技术专长方面所面临的挑战。
英文摘要：
Data-intensive physics facilities are increasingly reliant on heterogeneous and large-scale data processing and computational systems in order to collect, distribute, process, filter, and analyze the ever increasing huge volumes of data being collected. Moreover, these tasks are often performed in hard real-time or quasi real-time processing pipelines that place extreme constraints on various parameters and design choices for those systems. Consequently, a large number and variety of challenges are faced to design, construct, and operate such facilities. This is especially true at the energy and intensity frontiers of particle physics where bandwidths of raw data can exceed 100 TB/s of heterogeneous, high-dimensional data sourced from 300M+ individual sensors. Data filtering and compression algorithms deployed at these facilities often operate at the level of 1 part in $10^5$, and once executed, these algorithms drive the data curation process, further highlighting the critical roles that these systems have in the physics impact of those endeavors. This White Paper aims to highlight the challenges that these facilities face in the design of the trigger and data acquisition instrumentation and systems, as well as in their installation, commissioning, integration and operation, and in building the domain knowledge and technical expertise required to do so.
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