地面粒子基gamma-ray观测站标准化数据格式和工具的验证
Validation of standardized data formats and tools for ground-level particle-based gamma-ray observatories
摘要：
地基伽马射线天文学仍然是一个相当年轻的研究领域，与粒子物理学有着密切的历史联系。这就是为什么大多数观测都是通过专有数据和分析软件进行的，这在粒子物理学领域很常见。然而，近年来，在切伦科夫望远镜阵列（CTA）等即将到来的天文台的推动下，这种模式已经慢慢转向开发和使用开源数据格式和工具。在这方面，开发了一种社区驱动的共享数据格式（伽马天文数据格式）和分析工具，如Gammapy和ctools。到目前为止，这些努力一直是由IACT社区，离开了其他类型的地面伽玛射线仪器。我们的目标是表明，从地面粒子阵列的数据，如高海拔水切伦科夫（HAWC）天文台，也是兼容的GADF，因此可以使用相关的工具，在这种情况下，Gammapy进行全面分析。我们重现了几个公布的HAWC结果使用Gammapy和数据产品符合GADF标准。我们还说明了共享的格式和工具的能力，通过产生一个联合适合的螃蟹频谱，包括从六个不同的伽马射线实验的数据。我们发现与参考结果非常一致，对已发表的结果和所涉及的工具进行了有力的检查。来自粒子探测器阵列（如HAWC天文台）的数据可适用于GADF，从而使用Gammapy进行分析。共同的数据格式和共享的分析工具允许多仪器联合分析和有效的数据共享。鉴于指向和宽视场仪器的互补性，这种协同作用将明显有利于联合科学利用未来的观测站，如南方宽视场伽马射线观测站和CTA。
英文摘要：
Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy is still a rather young field of research, with strong historical connections to particle physics. This is why most observations are conducted by experiments with proprietary data and analysis software, as it is usual in the particle physics field. However in recent years, this paradigm has been slowly shifting towards the development and use of open-source data formats and tools, driven by upcoming observatories such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In this context, a community-driven, shared data format (the gamma-astro-data-format or GADF) and analysis tools such as Gammapy and ctools have been developed. So far these efforts have been led by the IACT community, leaving out other types of ground-based gamma-ray instruments.We aim to show that the data from ground particle arrays, such as the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, is also compatible with the GADF and can thus be fully analysed using the related tools, in this case Gammapy. We reproduce several published HAWC results using Gammapy and data products compliant with GADF standard. We also illustrate the capabilities of the shared format and tools by producing a joint fit of the Crab spectrum including data from six different gamma-ray experiments. We find excellent agreement with the reference results, a powerful check of both the published results and the tools involved. The data from particle detector arrays such as the HAWC observatory can be adapted to the GADF and thus analysed with Gammapy. A common data format and shared analysis tools allow multi-instrument joint analysis and effective data sharing. Given the complementary nature of pointing and wide-field instruments, this synergy will be distinctly beneficial for the joint scientific exploitation of future observatories such as the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory and CTA.
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