独立质点运动模型
Model for independent particle motion
摘要：
核物理中的独立粒子模型假定核中的核子在所有其他核子产生的平均（平均场）势中运动。本章简要介绍了原子核中独立粒子运动的基本特征及其在球核、形变核和旋转核壳模型框架下的理论实现，以及在微观+宏观模型和密度泛函理论等更复杂的方法中的理论实现。核子的独立粒子运动导致整体和单粒子的结果。本文简要评述了壳层结构中的整体效应及其对核景观的整体结构、超重核的存在和高自旋超形变的影响。后者表现在单粒子的性质，如能量，排列和密度;它们的表现形式在具体的例子中说明。
英文摘要：
Independent particle model in nuclear physics assumes that the nucleon in the nucleus moves in the average (mean field) potential generated by all other nucleons. This chapter gives a short overview of basic features of the independent particle motion in atomic nuclei and its theoretical realization in the framework of shell models for spherical, deformed and rotating nuclei as well as in more sophisticated approaches such as microscopic+macroscopic model and density functional theories. Independent particle motion of nucleons leads to global and single-particle consequences. The global ones manifest themselves in the shell structure and its consequences for global structure of nuclear landscape, the existence of superheavy nuclei and the superdeformation at high spin are briefly reviewed. The latter shows itself in the single-particle properties such as energies, alignments and densities; their manifestations are illustrated on specific examples.
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