强决定论
Strong Determinism
AI总结:
本文提出强决定论的精确哲学定义,并通过埃弗雷特主义的Wentaculus给出一个简单而现实的强决定论物理理论示例,进而探讨其对自由意志、解释与模态等问题的意义。
摘要:
一种强决定论的物理学理论只允许宇宙存在唯一一种可能的历史。用彭罗斯(Penrose,1989)的话来说,“这不仅仅是未来由过去决定的问题;宇宙的整个历史,按照某个精确的数学方案,在一切时间中都是固定的。”这样一种非凡的特征在我们这样的世界里似乎是不可能实现的。在本文中,我表明它可以以一种简单的方式实现,并讨论它对形而上学和科学哲学的影响,包括自然属性、自由意志、解释和模态。首先,我提出强决定论的一个精确定义。接下来,我讨论它的哲学后果和一个玩具示例。最后,我给出一个强决定论(且简单)物理理论的现实例子——埃弗雷特主义的Wentaculus。一个令人惊讶的后果是,我们的世界是否是强决定论的,可能在经验上是不可判定的。
英文摘要:
A strongly deterministic theory of physics is one that permits exactly one possible history of the universe. In the words of Penrose (1989), ''it is not just a matter of the future being determined by the past; the entire history of the universe is fixed, according to some precise mathematical scheme, for all time.'' Such an extraordinary feature may appear unattainable in a world like ours. In this paper, I show that it can be achieved in a simple way and discuss its implications for metaphysics and philosophy of science, including natural properties, free will, explanation, and modality. First, I propose a precise definition of strong determinism. Next, I discuss its philosophical ramifications and a toy example. Finally, I provide a realistic example of a strongly deterministic (and simple) physical theory -- the Everettian Wentaculus. A surprising consequence is that whether or not our world is strongly deterministic may be empirically underdetermined.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。