分子键桥流体膜的剥离动力学：移动还是破裂
Peeling dynamics of fluid membranes bridged by molecular bonds: moving or breaking
摘要：
生物粘附是复杂生物体在多尺度下运行的关键机械功能。在细胞尺度上，细胞-细胞粘附是显著可调的，以在发育、稳态和疾病期间实现内聚性和延展性。这种可适应的粘附力由嵌入流体膜中的横向移动分子之间的瞬时键物理支持。因此，与固体-固体或固体-流体界面处的特定粘附不同，流体-流体界面处的剥离可以通过破坏键、通过移动键或通过两者的组合来进行。由键迁移率提供的额外自由度如何改变剥离的机制尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个理论模型耦合自洽扩散，反应和力学。横向迁移率和反应速率决定了不同的剥离方式。在扩散主导的Stefan型机制中，键运动建立了自稳定动力学，从而增加了有效粘附断裂能。一个反应主导的政权表现出旅行剥离解决方案，小规模扩散和边缘解约束控制剥离速度。在一个混合的反应扩散制度，加强键运动的竞争与削弱键断裂力依赖的方式，定义的强度的粘附补丁。反过来，贴片强度取决于分子性质，如键刚度，力敏感性，或拥挤。因此，我们建立的物理规则，使可调的凝聚力在细胞组织和工程仿生系统。
英文摘要：
Biological adhesion is a critical mechanical function of complex organisms operating at multiple scales. At the cellular scale, cell-cell adhesion is remarkably tunable to enable both cohesion and malleability during development, homeostasis and disease. Such adaptable adhesion is physically supported by transient bonds between laterally mobile molecules embedded in fluid membranes. Thus, unlike specific adhesion at solid-solid or solid-fluid interfaces, peeling at fluid-fluid interfaces can proceed by breaking bonds, by moving bonds, or by a combination of both. How the additional degree of freedom provided by bond mobility changes the mechanics of peeling is not understood. To address this, we develop a theoretical model coupling self-consistently diffusion, reactions and mechanics. Lateral mobility and reaction rates determine distinct peeling regimes. In a diffusion-dominated Stefan-like regime, bond motion establishes self-stabilizing dynamics that increase the effective adhesion fracture energy. A reaction-dominated regime exhibits traveling peeling solutions where small-scale diffusion and marginal unbinding control peeling speed. In a mixed reaction-diffusion regime, strengthening by bond motion competes with weakening by bond breaking in a force-dependent manner, defining the strength of the adhesion patch. In turn, patch strength depends on molecular properties such as bond stiffness, force sensitivity, or crowding. We thus establish the physical rules enabling tunable cohesion in cellular tissues and in engineered biomimetic systems.
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