arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2202.12968cs.LG
收藏

标签差分隐私能否阻止标签推理攻击?

Does Label Differential Privacy Prevent Label Inference Attacks?

Cornell University(康奈尔大学);Meta AI

Ruihan Wu, Jin Peng Zhou, Kilian Q. Weinberger, Chuan Guo

AI总结:

本文解释label-DP下标签仍可被推理的原因,证明其限制的是攻击相对Bayes分类器的优势,并给出ε选择指导及实验验证。

摘要:

标签差分隐私(label-DP)是一种流行框架,用于在具有公开特征和敏感私有标签的数据集上训练私有机器学习模型。尽管其具有严格的隐私保证,但实践中已经观察到,label-DP并不能排除标签推理攻击(LIA):使用label-DP训练的模型可以在公开训练特征上被评估,从而以很高的准确率恢复其本应保护的那些私有标签。在本文中,我们认为这一现象并不矛盾;label-DP的设计目标是限制LIA对手相对于使用Bayes分类器预测训练标签所获得的优势。当label-DP的ε=0时,这一优势为零,因此最优攻击是按照Bayes分类器进行预测,并且与训练标签无关。我们的界展示了label-DP所赋予的语义保护,并给出了如何选择ε以将LIA威胁限制在特定水平以下的指导原则。最后,我们通过实验证明,我们的结果能够紧密刻画在合成数据集和真实世界数据集上模拟攻击的行为。

英文摘要:

Label differential privacy (label-DP) is a popular framework for training private ML models on datasets with public features and sensitive private labels. Despite its rigorous privacy guarantee, it has been observed that in practice label-DP does not preclude label inference attacks (LIAs): Models trained with label-DP can be evaluated on the public training features to recover, with high accuracy, the very private labels that it was designed to protect. In this work, we argue that this phenomenon is not paradoxical and that label-DP is designed to limit the advantage of an LIA adversary compared to predicting training labels using the Bayes classifier. At label-DP $ε=0$ this advantage is zero, hence the optimal attack is to predict according to the Bayes classifier and is independent of the training labels. Our bound shows the semantic protection conferred by label-DP and gives guidelines on how to choose $\varepsilon$ to limit the threat of LIAs below a certain level. Finally, we empirically demonstrate that our result closely captures the behavior of simulated attacks on both synthetic and real world datasets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑