马氏体相变的速度极限是多少？
What is the speed limit of martensitic transformations?
摘要：
结构马氏体转变使各种应用成为可能，其范围从高冲程致动和感测到节能磁热制冷和热磁能量收集。所有这些新兴的应用都受益于快速转变，但到目前为止，马氏体转变的速度极限尚未被探索。在这里，我们证明了马氏体到奥氏体的转变可以在10纳秒内完成。用激光脉冲加热外延Ni-Mn-Ga薄膜，用同步辐射衍射研究了初始样品温度和过热对薄膜相变速率和相变率的影响。我们证明，增加的热能驱动这种转变更快。虽然观察到的每个单元电池2.5 x 10^{27}（Js）^{-1}的速度限制为进一步加速应用留下了足够的空间，但我们的分析表明，实际限制将是切换所需的能量。我们的实验揭示，马氏体相变服从类似的速度限制，在微电子学，这是由马戈勒斯-列维京定理表示。
英文摘要：
Structural martensitic transformations enable various applications, which range from high stroke actuation and sensing to energy efficient magnetocaloric refrigeration and thermomagnetic energy harvesting. All these emerging applications benefit from a fast transformation, but up to now the speed limit of martensitic transformations has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that a martensite to austenite transformation can be completed in under ten nanoseconds. We heat an epitaxial Ni-Mn-Ga film with a laser pulse and use synchrotron diffraction to probe the influence of initial sample temperature and overheating on transformation rate and ratio. We demonstrate that an increase of thermal energy drives this transformation faster. Though the observed speed limit of 2.5 x 10^{27} (Js)^{-1} per unit cell leaves plenty of room for a further acceleration of applications, our analysis reveals that the practical limit will be the energy required for switching. Our experiments unveil that martensitic transformations obey similar speed limits as in microelectronics, which are expressed by the Margolus-Levitin theorem.
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