恐怖主义的灵活多元时空霍克斯过程模型
Flexible multivariate spatio-temporal Hawkes process models of terrorism
AI总结:
本文提出灵活的多元时空霍克斯过程模型,通过推广触发函数以允许非分离性、非平稳性和跨组触发,克服传统模型忽略空间变化和限制触发结构的不足,并在阿富汗和尼日利亚恐怖主义数据上验证其优于标准模型。
摘要:
我们开发了灵活的多元时空霍克斯过程模型,用于分析恐怖主义模式。以往将点过程方法应用于政治暴力数据的研究主要使用时间霍克斯过程模型,忽略了这些袭击模式中的空间变化。这限制了从这些模型中可以学到的内容,因为任何有效的反恐策略都需要了解袭击可能发生的时间和地点。即使是现有的时空霍克斯过程研究,也对触发函数施加了不太适合恐怖主义数据的限制。因此,我们大幅推广了时空触发函数的结构,允许非分离性、非平稳性和跨组触发(即跨群体触发)。为了证明我们模型的实用性,我们分析了两个真实世界恐怖主义数据样本:阿富汗(2002-2013年)用于单变量分析,尼日利亚(2009-2017年)用于双变量分析。这两项研究共同表明,我们的模型优于标准霍克斯过程模型,在整体模型拟合上胜过广泛使用的替代方法,并揭示了这些模型在构造上被掩盖的时空模式(例如,跨组触发随时间的分散性增加)。
英文摘要:
We develop flexible multivariate spatio-temporal Hawkes process models to analyze patterns of terrorism. Previous applications of point process methods to political violence data mainly utilize temporal Hawkes process models, neglecting spatial variation in these attack patterns. This limits what can be learned from these models as any effective counter-terrorism strategy requires knowledge on both when and where attacks are likely to occur. Even the existing work on spatio-temporal Hawkes processes imposes restrictions on the triggering function that are not well-suited for terrorism data. Therefore, we generalize the structure of the spatio-temporal triggering function considerably, allowing for nonseprability, nonstatitionarity, and cross-triggering (i.e., across the groups). To demonstrate the utility of our models, we analyze two samples of real-world terrorism data: Afghanistan (2002-2013) for univariate analysis and Nigeria (2009-2017) for bivariate analysis. Jointly, these two studies demonstrate that our models outperform standard Hawkes process models, besting widely-used alternatives in overall model fit and revealing spatio-temporal patterns that are, by construction, masked in these models (e.g., increasing dispersion in cross-triggering over time).
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