弯曲时空动力学的量子场模拟器
Quantum field simulator for dynamics in curved spacetime
摘要：
在我们的宇宙中观察到的大尺度结构被看作是时空演化放大的量子涨落的结果。这一点，以及宇宙学中的相关问题，要求理解弯曲时空中标准模型和暗物质的量子场。即使是在一个明确的时间依赖的时空度规中的标量量子场的简化问题也是一个理论挑战，因此量子场模拟器可以带来新的见解。在这里，我们展示了这样一个量子场模拟器在一个二维的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体与可配置的陷阱和可调的相互作用强度来实现这个模型系统。我们明确地显示实现的时空与积极和消极的空间曲率的波包传播和确认粒子对生产控制幂律膨胀的空间。我们发现定量协议与新的分析预测不同的曲率在时间和空间。这基准，从而建立一个新的类的量子场模拟器。在未来，简单的升级提供了进入新的，迄今为止尚未探索的制度的可能性，从而进一步深入了解相对论量子场动力学。
英文摘要：
The observed large-scale structure in our Universe is seen as a result of quantum fluctuations amplified by spacetime evolution. This, and related problems in cosmology, asks for an understanding of the quantum fields of the standard model and dark matter in curved spacetime. Even the reduced problem of a scalar quantum field in an explicitly time-dependent spacetime metric is a theoretical challenge and thus a quantum field simulator can lead to new insights. Here, we demonstrate such a quantum field simulator in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with a configurable trap and adjustable interaction strength to implement this model system. We explicitly show the realisation of spacetimes with positive and negative spatial curvature by wave packet propagation and confirm particle pair production in controlled power-law expansion of space. We find quantitative agreement with new analytical predictions for different curvatures in time and space. This benchmarks and thereby establishes a quantum field simulator of a new class. In the future, straightforward upgrades offer the possibility to enter new, so far unexplored, regimes that give further insight into relativistic quantum field dynamics.
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