可诱导锰离子和氧离子氧化还原的钾离子电池阴极材料：缺钾$\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$
A Potential Cathode Material for Rechargeable Potassium-Ion Batteries Inducing Manganese Cation and Oxygen Anion Redox Chemistry: Potassium-Deficient $\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$
摘要：
钾离子（$\rm K$ -离子）可充电电池;被认为是用于大规模和大容量能量存储系统的利润丰厚的低成本电池选择，近年来已经获得了极大的关注。然而，由于可以容许大的$\rm K$ -离子在可行容量下可逆地重新插入的阴极材料的稀缺，$\rm K$ -离子电池的可行性已经被大大削弱。在本文中，我们探索在$\rm K_2O$ - $\rm Fe_2O_3$ - $\rm MnO_2$三元相系统中的潜在阴极材料，其不仅展示了可逆的$\rm K$ -离子再插入，而且还表现出相对快的速率能力。标题阴极化合物$\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$在$\rm 10$小时充电（放电）（$viz.$，$\rm C/10$速率）下显示出约为$\rm120 $ mAh g $^{-1}$的可逆容量，其中在$\rm 1$小时充电（放电）（$\rm 1 C$速率）下保留了$\rm 85$ %的容量，这被认为是良好的容量保留。此外，硬X射线和软X射线都已被用于阐明$\rm K$ -离子可逆插入$\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$的机制。结果揭示了锰阳离子和氧阴离子在$\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$中的累积参与，说明其作为依赖于阴离子和阳离子氧化还原的高容量$\rm K$ -离子电池阴极材料的潜力。可以预期相关高容量阴极组合物的进一步开发。
英文摘要：
Potassium-ion ($\rm K$-ion) rechargeable batteries; considered to be lucrative low-cost battery options for large-scale and capacious energy storage systems, have been garnering tremendous attention in recent years. However, due to the scarcity of cathode materials that can condone the reversible re-insertion of the large $\rm K$-ions at feasible capacities, the viability of $\rm K$-ion batteries has been greatly undercut. In this paper, we explore a potential cathode material in the $\rm K_2O$-$\rm Fe_2O_3$-$\rm MnO_2$ ternary phase system, that not only demonstrates reversible $\rm K$-ion reinsertion but also manifests relatively fast rate capabilities. The titled cathode compound, $\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$, demonstrates a reversible capacity of approximately $\rm120 $ mAh g$^{-1}$ at $\rm 10$ hours of (dis)charge ($viz.$, $\rm C/10$ rate) with $ca.$ $\rm 85$% of the capacity being retained at a $\rm 1$ hour of (dis)charge ($\rm 1 C$ rate) which is considered to be good capacity retention. Additionally, both hard and soft X-rays have been employed to unravel the mechanism by which $\rm K$-ion is reversibly inserted into $\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$. The results revealed a cumulative participation of both manganese cations and oxygen anions in $\rm K_{0.4}Fe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}O_2$ illustrating its potential as a high-capacity $\rm K$-ion battery cathode material that relies on both anion and cation redox. Further development of related high-capacity cathode compositions can be anticipated.
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