探测器中粒子径迹的出现-- II：半经典领域
The appearance of particle tracks in detectors -- II: the semi-classical realm
摘要：
轨道的外观，接近经典的轨道，留下的带电量子粒子内传播的检测器，如一个腔周期性地照明的光脉冲，研究了一个家庭的理想化模型。在半经典制度，这是达到当人们认为高能粒子，我们提出了一个详细的，数学上严格的分析这种现象。如果粒子的哈密顿量是二次的位置和动量算子，如在一个自由运动的粒子或粒子在一个均匀的外部磁场的例子，我们显示如何对称，如球对称，粒子的初始状态被打破的轨道组成的无限多个近似测量粒子的位置，以及如何，在经典的限制，经典粒子轨迹的初始位置和速度可以从观察到的粒子轨迹重建。
英文摘要：
The appearance of tracks, close to classical orbits, left by charged quantum particles propagating inside a detector, such as a cavity periodically illuminated by light pulses, is studied for a family of idealized models. In the semi-classical regime, which is reached when one considers highly energetic particles, we present a detailed, mathematically rigorous analysis of this phenomenon. If the Hamiltonian of the particles is quadratic in position- and momentum operators, as in the examples of a freely moving particle or a particle in a homogeneous external magnetic field, we show how symmetries, such as spherical symmetry, of the initial state of a particle are broken by tracks consisting of infinitely many approximately measured particle positions and how, in the classical limit, the initial position and velocity of a classical particle trajectory can be reconstructed from the observed particle track.
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