Cyber human interaction is a broad term encompassing the range of interactions that humans can have with technology. While human interaction with fixed and mobile computers is well understood, the world is on the cusp of ubiquitous and sustained interactions between humans and robots. While robotic systems are intertwined with computing and computing technologies, the word robot here describes technologies that can physically affect and in turn be affected by their environments which includes humans. This chapter delves into issues of cyber human interaction from the perspective of humans interacting with a subset of robots known as assistive robots. Assistive robots are robots designed to assist individuals with mobility or capacity limitations in completing everyday activities, commonly called instrumental activities of daily living. These range from household chores, eating or drinking to any activity with which a user may need the daily assistance of a caregiver to complete. One common type of assistive robot is the wheelchair mounted robotic arm. This device is designed to attach to a user's wheelchair to allow him or her to complete their activities independently. In short, these devices have sensors that allow them to sense and process their environment with varying levels of autonomy to perform actions that benefit and improve the well-being of people with capability limitations or disabilities. While human robot interaction is a popular research topic, not much research has been dedicated with regard to individual with limitations. In this chapter, we provide an overview of assistive robotic devices, discuss common methods of user interaction, and the need for an adaptive compensation framework to support potential users in regaining their functional capabilities.
In this article, we study the Cyber-Human Interaction (CHI) based approach that the "Human" part sets a list of location-based objectives and makes the pathway decision whereas the "Cyber" part provides the pathway suggestion, infer heuristics from the environment along the pathway and incrementally resolve the location-based objectives with new heuristics for indoor localization. For this study, we implement a CHI-based system on mobile phone. The CHI-based system offers the pathway suggestion and the solution of the location-based objectives based on its trajectory management. Without any pr…
A Cyber-Physical-Social System (CPSS) is an emerging paradigm often understood as a physical and virtual space of interaction which is cohabited by humans and sensor-enabled smart devices. In such settings, human interaction behaviour is often different from person to person and is guided by complex environmental and natural factors that are not yet fully explored. Thus, ensuring a seamless human-machine interaction in CPSS calls for efficient means of handling human dynamics and bringing interaction experience to a personal level. To this end in this paper, we propose a personalisation framew…
The novel concept of a Cyber-Human Social System (CHSS) and a diverse and pluralistic 'mixed-life society' is proposed, wherein cyber and human societies commit to each other. This concept enhances the Cyber-Physical System (CPS), which is associated with the current Society 5.0, a social vision realised through the fusion of cyber (virtual) and physical (real) spaces following information society (Society 4.0 and Industry 4.0). Moreover, the CHSS enhances the Human-CPS, the Human-in-the-Loop CPS (HiLCPS), and the Cyber-Human System by intervening in individual behaviour pro-socially and suppo…
The number of cyber-attacks are continuing to rise globally. It is therefore vital for organisations to develop the necessary skills to secure their assets and to protect critical national infrastructure. In this short paper, we outline upon human-computer interaction elements which should be considered when developing a cybersecurity training platform, in an effort to maintain levels of user engagement. We provide an overview of existing training platforms before covering specialist cyber ranges. Aspects of human-computer interaction are noted with regards to their relevance in the context of…
The workshop will focus on the application of artificial intelligence to problems in cyber security. AICS 2020 emphasis will be on human-machine teaming within the context of cyber security problems and will specifically explore collaboration between human operators and AI technologies. The workshop will address applicable areas of AI, such as machine learning, game theory, natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated and assistive reasoning and human machine interactions. Further, cyber security application areas with a particular emphasis on the characterization and deplo…
For mixed-initiative control between cyber-physical systems (CPS) and its users, it is still an open question how machines can safely hand over control to humans. In this work, we propose a concept to provide technological support that uses formal methods from AI -- description logic (DL) and automated planning -- to predict more reliably when a hand-over is necessary, and to increase the advance notice for handovers by planning ahead of runtime. We combine this with methods from human-computer interaction (HCI) and natural language generation (NLG) to develop solutions for safe and smooth han…
This paper presents I-nteract, a cyber-physical system that enables real-time interaction with real and virtual objects in a mixed augmented reality environment to design 3D models for additive manufacturing. The system has been developed using mixed reality technologies such as HoloLens, for augmenting visual feedback, and haptic gloves, for augmenting haptic force feedback. The efficacy of the system has been demonstrated by generating 3D model using a novel scanning method to 3D print a customized orthopedic cast for human arm, by estimating spring rates of compression springs, and by simul…
Industrial inspection automation in aerospace presents numerous challenges due to the dynamic, information-rich and regulated aspects of the domain. To diagnose the condition of an aircraft component, expert inspectors rely on a significant amount of procedural and tacit knowledge (know-how). As systems capabilities do not match high level human cognitive functions, the role of humans in future automated work systems will remain important. A Cyber-Physical-Social System (CPSS) is a suitable solution that envisions humans and agents in a joint activity to enhance cognitive/computational capabil…
Computer network defense is a partnership between automated systems and human cyber security analysts. The system behaviors, for example raising a high proportion of false alarms, likely impact cyber analyst performance. Experimentation in the analyst-system domain is challenging due to lack of access to security experts, the usability of attack datasets, and the training required to use security analysis tools. This paper describes Cry Wolf, an open source web application for user studies of cyber security analysis tasks. This paper also provides an open-access dataset of 73 true and false In…
As the size and complexity of software systems increase, the number and sophistication of software security flaws increase as well. The analysis of these flaws began as a manual approach, but it soon became apparent that tools were necessary to assist human experts in this task, resulting in a number of techniques and approaches that automated aspects of the vulnerability analysis process. Recently, DARPA carried out the Cyber Grand Challenge, a competition among autonomous vulnerability analysis systems designed to push the tool-assisted human-centered paradigm into the territory of complete …
The Internet and cyberspace are inseparable aspects of everyone's life. Cyberspace is a concept that describes widespread, interconnected, and online digital technology. Cyberspace refers to the online world that is separate from everyday reality. Since the internet is a recent advance in human lives, there are many unknown and unpredictable aspects to it that sometimes can be catastrophic to users in financial aspects, high-tech industry, and healthcare. Cybersecurity failures are usually caused by human errors or their lack of knowledge. According to the International Business Machines Corpo…
Arup（奥雅纳）；University of Kent（肯特大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）
The concept of social machines is increasingly being used to characterise various socio-cognitive spaces on the Web. Social machines are human collectives using networked digital technology which initiate real-world processes and activities including human communication, interactions and knowledge creation. As such, they continuously emerge and fade on the Web. The relationship between humans and machines is made more complex by the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and devices. The scale, automation, continuous sensing, and actuation capabilities of these devices add an extra dimen…
