硼和铌的协同作用提高微合金钢的耐火性能
Synergism between B and Nb improves fire resistance in microalloyed steels
摘要：
新型耐火钢的开发是材料科学和工程领域的一个重大挑战。合金元素如Nb和Mo通常用于提高室温和高温下的强度，例如，由于沉淀物和更硬的微观成分的形成。在这项研究中，我们交替地表明，在铌微合金化钢中加入少量的硼可能在保持高温下的机械性能方面发挥至关重要的作用。在$\approx 574$ \，°C下，硼钢的耐火屈服强度标准达到66\，\%，而不含硼时，该值达到$\approx 460$ \，°C，这是一种显著的硼诱导机械强化增强。DFT计算表明，与纯铁素体相比，硼的添加可以降低空位形成能，并且对于Nb-B钢，还存在24%的降低，这表明硼-铌组合充当有效的基于钉扎的强化剂。
英文摘要：
The development of new fire-resistant steels represents a challenge in materials science and engineering of utmost importance. Alloying elements such as Nb and Mo are generally used to improve the strength at both room- and high-temperatures due to, for example, the formation of precipitates and harder microconstituents. In this study we show alternatively that the addition of small amounts of boron in Nb-microalloyed steels may play a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical properties at high temperatures. The 66\,\% yield-strength criteria for fire resistance is achieved at $\approx 574$\,°C for a boron steel, whereas without boron this value reaches $\approx 460$\,°C, a remarkable boron-induced mechanical strengthening enhancement. DFT calculations show that boron additions can lower the vacancy formation energy when compared to pure ferrite and, for Nb-B steels, there is a further 24\,\% reduction, suggesting that the boron-niobium combination acts as an effective pinning-based strengthening agent.
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