用于中子提取、输运和聚焦的嵌套反射镜光学器件
Nested mirror optics for neutron extraction, transport, and focusing
摘要：
中子散射是研究凝聚态系统在大范围的时空尺度上的静态和动态性质的一种行之有效的工具。然而，许多高度关注的研究只能在小样本上进行，并且通常需要复杂的环境来改变参数，例如温度、磁场和压力。为了提高可实现的信号-背景比，已经实现了基于椭圆形或抛物线形中子导向器或Montel镜的聚焦装置。在这里，我们报告的嵌套镜光学（NMO），它克服了一些这样的设备的缺点的实验演示。虽然比最初的Wolter设计更简单，但我们紧凑的椭圆镜组件将中子从源成像到目标，最大限度地减少几何畸变，引力效应和波动引起的模糊。MIRA在FRM-II进行的实验证明了我们的第一个原型的预期聚焦特性和72%的光束传输效率。NMO似乎特别适合于i）从紧凑型高亮度中子减速器中提取中子，ii）一般中子输运，以及iii）聚焦和极化中子。中子撞击样品的相空间可以在线定制到所需的实验分辨率，从而产生小的散射背景。作为额外的好处，NMO位于远离慢化剂和样品的地方，不易受到辐射损伤，并且可以很容易地更换。NMO使得能够实现用于中子物理学的束线的模块化和物理透明的实现，类似于在可见光光学器件中使用的设置。
英文摘要：
Neutron scattering is a well-established tool for the investigation of the static and dynamic properties of condensed matter systems over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Many studies of high interest, however, can only be performed on small samples and typically require elaborate environments for variation of parameters such as temperature, magnetic field and pressure. To improve the achievable signal-to-background ratio, focusing devices based on elliptic or parabolic neutron guides or Montel mirrors have been implemented. Here we report an experimental demonstration of a nested mirror optics (NMO), which overcomes some of the disadvantages of such devices. While even simpler than the original Wolter design, our compact assembly of elliptic mirrors images neutrons from a source to a target, minimizing geometric aberrations, gravitational effects and waviness-induced blurring. Experiments performed at MIRA at FRM-II demonstrate the expected focusing properties and a beam transport efficiency of 72 % for our first prototype. NMO seem particularly well-suited to i) extraction of neutrons from compact high-brilliance neutron moderators, ii) general neutron transport, and iii) focusing and polarizing neutrons. The phase space of the neutrons hitting a sample can be tailored on-line to the needed experimental resolution, resulting in small scattering backgrounds. As additional benefits, NMO situated far away from both the moderator and the sample are less susceptible to radiation damage and can easily be replaced. NMO enable a modular and physically transparent realization of beam lines for neutron physics similar to setups used in visible light optics.
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