根据天顶夜空亮度估算线性辐射指示器：自然和光污染天空的波许比
Estimating linear radiance indicators from the zenith night sky brightness: on the Posch ratio for natural and light polluted skies
摘要：
从天顶夜空辐射测量值估算水平辐照度对于观测站选址评估、大气光学和环境科学的基础和应用研究是一项有用的操作。这两个量之间的比率，也称为Posch比率，以前已经在一些典型情况下进行了研究，并在一些观测地点进行了报道。在这项工作中，我们（a）概括的波施比的概念，将其扩展到任何一对辐射相关的线性指标，（b）描述其主要的代数性质，（c）提供分析表达式和数值评估的三个基本的夜间组成部分（月光，星光和其他天体物理光源，人造光）。我们表明，水平辐照度（或任何其他线性辐射率指标）一般与天顶辐射率，使其估计从天顶测量，如果一些先验信息的大气状态是可用的。
英文摘要：
Estimating the horizontal irradiance from measurements of the zenith night sky radiance is a useful operation for basic and applied studies in observatory site assessment, atmospheric optics and environmental sciences. The ratio between these two quantities, also known as Posch ratio, has been previously studied for some canonical cases and reported for a few observational sites. In this work we (a) generalize the Posch ratio concept, extending it to any pair of radiance-related linear indicators, (b) describe its main algebraic properties, and (c) provide analytical expressions and numerical evaluations for its three basic nighttime components (moonlight, starlight and other astrophysical light sources, and artificial light). We show that the horizontal irradiance (or any other linear radiance indicator) is generally correlated with the zenith radiance, enabling its estimation from zenith measurements if some a priori information on the atmospheric state is available.
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