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arXiv 2202.07035q-bio.NCcs.NE
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在人工神经网络上测试系统神经科学工具

Testing the Tools of Systems Neuroscience on Artificial Neural Networks

Grace W. Lindsay

摘要:

神经科学家将一系列常见的分析工具应用于记录的神经活动,以便深入了解神经回路如何执行计算。尽管这些工具塑造了整个领域的进步,但我们几乎没有经验证据表明它们能有效地快速识别感兴趣的现象。在这里,我认为这些工具应该明确测试,人工神经网络(ANN)是一个适当的测试他们的理由。最近,人工神经网络作为从感知到记忆再到运动控制的一切模型的复兴源于人工神经网络和生物神经网络之间的大致相似性,以及训练这些网络执行复杂高维任务的能力。这些特性,再加上完美观察和操纵这些系统的能力,使它们非常适合用于审查系统和认知神经科学的工具。我在这里提供了执行此测试的路线图和适合在ANN上测试的工具列表。使用人工神经网络来反思这些工具在多大程度上提供了对神经系统的有效理解-以及理解在这里应该意味着什么-有可能加快大脑研究的进展。

英文摘要:

Neuroscientists apply a range of common analysis tools to recorded neural activity in order to glean insights into how neural circuits implement computations. Despite the fact that these tools shape the progress of the field as a whole, we have little empirical evidence that they are effective at quickly identifying the phenomena of interest. Here I argue that these tools should be explicitly tested and that artificial neural networks (ANNs) are an appropriate testing grounds for them. The recent resurgence of the use of ANNs as models of everything from perception to memory to motor control stems from a rough similarity between artificial and biological neural networks and the ability to train these networks to perform complex high-dimensional tasks. These properties, combined with the ability to perfectly observe and manipulate these systems, makes them well-suited for vetting the tools of systems and cognitive neuroscience. I provide here both a roadmap for performing this testing and a list of tools that are suitable to be tested on ANNs. Using ANNs to reflect on the extent to which these tools provide a productive understanding of neural systems -- and on exactly what understanding should mean here -- has the potential to expedite progress in the study of the brain.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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