寻找可持续发展的空间
Looking out for a sustainable space
摘要：
1957年10月，人造卫星1号成功进入地球轨道，标志着太空时代的曙光。第一个“同路人”-人类的第一颗人造卫星-在重新进入地球大气层之前只运行了三个月，尽管它的任务为一个持续到今天的探索时代铺平了道路。对许多人来说，一个没有卫星的世界将是难以想象的。作为一个社会，我们已经依赖于他们的大量服务和应用程序。卫星可以俯瞰大片地球表面，并能够在地球表面的曲率周围中继信号，因此能够在全球范围内快速传输数据，绕过与地面广播、远程布线相关的挑战。定位、导航和定时（PNT）卫星彻底改变了陆地、空中和海上的交通，而气象卫星使科学家能够在大规模现象发展时近乎实时地进行监测和发出警告。卫星扩展了观测的前沿：向外看，天文学家能够绕过地球大气层，比以往任何时候都更深入地观察宇宙;向内看，可以在一系列时间尺度上监测进入大气环流模型的模式和过程，从而提高我们对气候变化的理解。Saxon及其提供的服务不会很快消失。尽管如此，对卫星安全的威胁确实存在，必须尽快加以解决，以避免对空间领域的运作造成长期损害。在人类进入空间活动近65年后的今天，我绘制了轨道碎片环境的演变图，并回顾了为使空间活动更具可持续性而作出的最新努力。
英文摘要：
October 1957, and the successful launch of Sputnik 1 into Earth orbit, marked the dawn of the Space Age. The first of the 'fellow travellers' - humanity's first artificial satellite - orbited for a mere three months before re-entering the Earth's atmosphere, though its mission paved the way for an era of exploration that has endured to the present day. For many, a world without satellites would be a difficult one to imagine. As a society, we have become reliant on them for a vast array of services and applications. With a divine view of large swathes of the Earth's surface, and the ability to relay signals around its curvature, satellites have enabled the fast transfer of data on a global scale, bypassing the challenges associated with ground-based broadcasting, long-distance wiring, and so on. Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) satellites have revolutionised transportation by land, air, and sea, while weather satellites enable scientists to monitor and warn of large-scale phenomena as they develop in near real-time. Satellites have extended the frontiers of observation: looking outwards, astronomers are able to circumvent the Earth's atmosphere to look deeper into the cosmos than ever before; looking inwards, patterns and processes that feed into general circulation models can be monitored on a range of timescales, improving our understanding of climate change. Satellites, and the services they provide, are not going to disappear any time soon. That said, threats to satellite safety do exist, and it is important that they be addressed as soon as possible to avoid long-lasting damage to operations in the space domain. Nearly sixty-five years on from the advent of human activity in space, I chart the evolution of the orbital debris environment and review latest efforts to make space operations more sustainable.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
