arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2202.06644math.CO
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森林网络

Forest-based networks

Katharina T. Huber, Vincent Moulton, Guillaume E. Scholz

摘要:

在进化研究中,通常使用系统发育树来表示一组物种的进化历史。然而,如果基因或其他遗传信息在物种或其祖先之间的转移发生在过去,一棵树可能无法提供它们历史的完整画面。在这种情况下,基于树的系统发育网络可以提供有用的,更精确的物种进化表示。这样的网络本质上是一个系统发生树,在树的边缘之间添加了一些弧,以表示网状事件,如基因转移。即便如此,这个模型不允许代表的网状事件发生在不同的亚科或谱系的物种之间的进化情景。为了代表这样的情况下,在本文中,我们介绍了一个基于森林的系统发育网络的概念,也就是说,一个集合的叶不相交的系统发育树的一组物种与弧之间添加不同的树的边缘收集。基于森林的网络包括最近引入的一类覆盖物种森林,用于模拟基因渗入。正如我们将看到的,尽管基于森林的网络的定义与基于树的网络的定义密切相关,但它们导致了新的数学理论,补充了基于树的网络。除了研究森林网络与树子网络、泛树网络等系统发育网络之间的关系外,我们还对一些特殊类型的森林网络进行了刻画。我们希望我们的研究结果将有助于开发新的模型和算法来理解网状进化,例如生活在不同环境中的细菌集合之间的基因转移。

英文摘要:

In evolutionary studies it is common to use phylogenetic trees to represent the evolutionary history of a set of species. However, in case the transfer of genes or other genetic information between the species or their ancestors has occurred in the past, a tree may not provide a complete picture of their history. In such cases,tree-based phylogenetic networks can provide a useful, more refined representation of the species evolution. Such a network is essentially a phylogenetic tree with some arcs added between the tree edges so as to represent reticulate events such as gene transfer. Even so, this model does not permit the representation of evolutionary scenarios where reticulate events have taken place between different subfamilies or lineages of species. To represent such scenarios, in this paper we introduce the notion of a forest-based phylogenetic network, that is, a collection of leaf-disjoint phylogenetic trees on a set of species with arcs added between the edges of distinct trees within the collection. Forest-based networks include the recently introduced class of overlaid species forests which are used to model introgression. As we shall see, even though the definition of forest-based networks is closely related to that of tree-based networks, they lead to new mathematical theory which complements that of tree-based networks. As well as studying the relationship of forest-based networks with other classes of phylogenetic networks, such as tree-child networks and universal tree-based networks, we present some characterizations of some special classes of forest-based networks. We expect that our results will be useful for developing new models and algorithms to understand reticulate evolution, such as gene transfer between collections of bacteria that live in different environments.

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