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arXiv 2202.05313cs.AIcs.SE
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在保证案例中集成测试和操作相关的定量证据,以论证数据驱动AI/ML组件的安全性

Integrating Testing and Operation-related Quantitative Evidences in Assurance Cases to Argue Safety of Data-Driven AI/ML Components

Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE(弗劳恩霍夫实验软件工程研究所)

Michael Kläs, Lisa Jöckel, Rasmus Adler, Jan Reich

摘要:

未来,人工智能将越来越多地进入可能对人类造成身体伤害的系统。对于这种安全关键系统,必须证明其剩余风险不超过可接受的范围。这尤其包括作为此类系统安全相关功能一部分的AI组件。保证案例是当今广泛讨论的一个选项,用于指定合理和全面的安全论证,以证明系统的安全性。在以前的工作中,有人建议通过基于两个互补的风险接受标准构建保证案例来论证AI组件的安全性。这些标准之一用于导出关于AI的定量目标。通常提出的论证结构,以显示这些量化目标的实现,但是,侧重于统计测试的失败率。其他重要的方面,如果有的话,也只是从质量上加以考虑。相比之下,本文提出了一个更全面的论证结构,已经实现了目标,即一个结构,集成测试结果与运行时方面的影响范围符合性和测试数据质量的定量方式。我们阐述了不同的论证选项,提出了基本的数学考虑,并讨论了其实际应用的影响。使用拟议的论证结构不仅可以提高保证案例的完整性,而且还可以允许对定量目标提出要求,否则这些要求将是不合理的。

英文摘要:

In the future, AI will increasingly find its way into systems that can potentially cause physical harm to humans. For such safety-critical systems, it must be demonstrated that their residual risk does not exceed what is acceptable. This includes, in particular, the AI components that are part of such systems' safety-related functions. Assurance cases are an intensively discussed option today for specifying a sound and comprehensive safety argument to demonstrate a system's safety. In previous work, it has been suggested to argue safety for AI components by structuring assurance cases based on two complementary risk acceptance criteria. One of these criteria is used to derive quantitative targets regarding the AI. The argumentation structures commonly proposed to show the achievement of such quantitative targets, however, focus on failure rates from statistical testing. Further important aspects are only considered in a qualitative manner -- if at all. In contrast, this paper proposes a more holistic argumentation structure for having achieved the target, namely a structure that integrates test results with runtime aspects and the impact of scope compliance and test data quality in a quantitative manner. We elaborate different argumentation options, present the underlying mathematical considerations, and discuss resulting implications for their practical application. Using the proposed argumentation structure might not only increase the integrity of assurance cases but may also allow claims on quantitative targets that would not be justifiable otherwise.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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