未聚焦的XMM-牛顿背景的起源、其可变性和ATHENA的经验教训
The origin of the unfocused XMM-Newton background, its variability and lessons learned for ATHENA
摘要：
我们分析了未曝光的天空outFOV区域的MOS 2探测器上的XMM-牛顿覆盖15年的数据，总计255 Ms.我们显示令人信服的证据表明，在XMM-牛顿的非聚焦背景的起源是由于高能质子，电子和硬X射线光子。银河系宇宙射线是主要的贡献者，与SOHO EPHIN探测器的1 GeV质子数据的紧密相关（总散射的2.6%）表明。紧密的相关性被发现与钱德拉背景率的代理，揭示了在类似的轨道上的探测器的背景的共同来源，并与EPIC辐射监测器（ERM）的数据，只有当排除太阳高能粒子事件（SEP）。外部电子带的入口与outFOV MOS 2速率的突然增加和光谱变化相关。这些事实支持MeV电子可以产生未聚焦的背景信号的事实。MOS 2 outFOV数据和SOHO EPHIN数据之间的相关性揭示了一个时间常数和各向同性项，与pn数据研究中发现的项相似。该成分最可能的来源是探测器中宇宙X射线背景（CXB）康普顿散射的硬未聚焦X射线光子，这得到了两个不同厚度探测器中信号强度的支持。根据这一物理认识，已提议在雅典娜号上安装一个粒子辐射监测器，目前正在研究之中。它将能够以必要的准确度和精度跟踪不同的物种，以保证背景再现性2%的挑战性要求。
英文摘要：
We analyzed the unexposed to the sky outFOV region of the MOS2 detector on board XMM-Newton covering 15 years of data amounting to 255 Ms. We show convincing evidence that the origin of the unfocused background in XMM-Newton is due to energetic protons, electrons and hard X-ray photons. Galactic Cosmic Rays are the main contributors as shown by the tight correlation (2.6% of total scatter) with 1 GeV protons data of the SOHO EPHIN detector. Tight correlations are found with a proxy of the Chandra background rate, revealing the common source of background for detectors in similar orbits, and with the data of the EPIC Radiation Monitor (ERM), only when excluding Solar Energetic Particles events (SEPs). The entrance to the outer electron belts is associated to a sudden increase in the outFOV MOS2 rate and a spectral change. These facts support the fact that MeV electrons can generate an unfocused background signal. The correlation between MOS2 outFOV data and the SOHO EPHIN data reveals a term constant in time and isotropic similar to the one found in the study of the pn data. The most plausible origin of this component is hard unfocused X-ray photons of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) Compton-scattering in the detector as supported by the strength of the signal in the two detectors with different thicknesses. Based on this physical understanding a particle radiation monitor on board ATHENA has been proposed and it is currently under study. It will be able to track different species with the necessary accuracy and precision to guarantee the challenging requirement of 2% reproducibility of the background.
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